Abstract
The reinforced concrete (RC) diaphragm damage observed during the Northridge earthquake (1994) has motivated numerous analytical and experimental studies focused on evaluating the seismic performance of this important building component. The ASCE/SEI 7-16 recently introduced an alternative methodology to determine diaphragm design forces that considered various diaphragm systems. However, this formulation was developed for typical North American structures (on frames or dual systems combined with gravity framing), which substantially differ from other worldwide common typologies that may not include gravity framing. Throughout this study, the accuracy of the existing code provisions and other alternative methods is evaluated by using three-dimensional computer models of eight symmetric-plan reinforced concrete buildings that are between five and 15 stories high and have non-gravity frames (i.e. all frames are part of the seismic force resisting system) for RC-floor systems. These models are subjected to non-linear response history analysis that considers sets of far-field records. Benchmark values, defined as the mean value of the time responses and their dispersion, are compared with the forces of design codes and procedures. General conclusions indicate that existing provisions underestimate diaphragm design forces for all the systems considered, but the results can substantially improve if a low diaphragm reduction factor is used. Alternative procedures capture the magnitude but not the height distribution. Finally, the level of non-linear behavior of the structural elements was verified; beams exhibit high inelastic response, but the overall structure and the vertical elements mostly kept elastic.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
AIS (2010) Asociación Colombiana de Ingeniería Sísmica. Reglamento colombiano de construcción sismo resistente NSR-10
American Society of Civil Engineers (2017) ASCE/SEI 7-16 minimum design loads and associated criteria for buildings and other structures
ASCE/SEI 41-13 (2014) American society of civil engineers: seismic evaluation and retrofit of existing buildings
Chen X, Han X, Luo F, Wu S (2011) Fiber element based elastic-plastic analysis procedure and engineering application. Proc Eng. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.proeng.2011.07.227
Code P (2005) Eurocode 8: design of structures for earthquake resistance-part 1: general rules, seismic actions and rules for buildings. Brussels Eur Comm Stand
Computers and Structures Inc (2011) Perform3D V5 nonlinear analysis and performance assesment for 3D structures
Computers and Structures Inc (2016) Components and elements for PERFORM-3D
Eberhard MO, Sozen MA (1993) Behavior-based method to determine design shear in earthquake-resistant walls. J Struct Eng U S A. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9445(1993)119:2(619)
Engineers (2010) AS of C. Minimum design loads for buildings and other structures
Fleischman R (2014) Seismic design methodology document for precast concrete diaphragms. Charles Pankow Found, McLean
Fleischman RB, Farrow KT (2001) Dynamic behavior of perimeter lateral-system structures with exible diaphragms. Earthq Eng Struct Dyn 30:745–763. https://doi.org/10.1002/eqe.36
Fleischman RB, Farrow KT, Eastman K (2002) Seismic performance of perimeter lateral-system structures with highly flexible diaphragms. Earthq Spectra. https://doi.org/10.1193/1.1490547
Fleischman RB, Ghosh SK, Naito CJ, Wan G, Restrepo J, Schoettler M et al (2014a) Seismic design methodology for precast concrete diaphragms part 2: research program. PCI J. https://doi.org/10.15554/pcij.11012005.14.31
Fleischman RB, Naito CJ, Restrepo J, Sause R, Ghosh SK (2014b) Seismic design methodology for precast concrete diaphragms part 1: design framework. PCI J. https://doi.org/10.15554/pcij.09012005.68.83
Franco G, Stone H, Ahmed B, Chian SC, Hughes F, Jirouskova N et al (2017) The April 16 2016 M w 7.8 Muisne earthquake in ecuador-preliminary observations from the EEFIT reconnaissance mission of May 24–June 7. In: 16th world conf. earthq. eng. 16WCEE
Ghosh SK, Cleland NM (2002) Untopped precast concrete diaphragms in high-seismic applications. PCI J 47:94–99. https://doi.org/10.15554/pcij.11012002.94.99
Gonzales H, López-Almansa F (2012) Seismic performance of buildings with thin RC bearing walls. Eng Struct 34:244–258
Hawkins NM, Ghosh SK (2000) Proposed revisions to 1997 NEHRP recommended provisions for seismic regulations for precast concrete structures. Part 2-seismic-force-resisting systems. PCI J 45:34–44
Instituto de Normalización (1996) INN-Chile. NCh 433. Diseño Sísmico Edif
Iverson JK, Hawkins NM (1994) Performance of precast/prestressed concrete building structures during Northridge. PCI J 2:38–55
Ju SH, Lin MC (1999) Comparison of building analyses assuming rigid or flexible floors. J Struct Eng. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9445(1999)125:1(25)
Jünemann R, de la Llera JC, Hube MA, Cifuentes LA, Kausel E (2015) A statistical analysis of reinforced concrete wall buildings damaged during the 2010, Chile earthquake. Eng Struct. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engstruct.2014.10.014
Kurama YC, Sritharan S, Fleischman RB, Restrepo JI, Henry RS, Cleland NM et al (2018) Seismic-resistant precast concrete structures: state of the art. J Struct Eng. https://doi.org/10.1061/(asce)st.1943-541x.0001972
Lee HJ, Kuchma D, Aschheim MA (2007a) Strength-based design of flexible diaphragms in low-rise structures subjected to earthquake loading. Eng Struct. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engstruct.2006.08.020
Lee HJ, Aschheim MA, Kuchma D (2007b) Interstory drift estimates for low-rise flexible diaphragm structures. Eng Struct. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engstruct.2006.08.021
Lee HJ, Kuchma D, Aschheim MA (2007c) Strength-based design of flexible diaphragms in low-rise structures subjected to earthquake loading. Eng Struct. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engstruct.2006.08.020
Moehle JP, Mahin S, Bozorgnia Y (2010) Council, Building Seismic Safety. PEER Report 2010/111 (also published as)
Mander JB, Priestley MJN, Park R (1988) Theoretical stress-strain model for confined concrete. J Struct Eng. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9445(1988)114:8(1804)
Moehle JP, Hooper JD, Kelly DJ, Meyer TR (2010) Seismic design of cast-in-place concrete diaphragms, chords, and collectors. Seism Des Tech Brief, US Dep Commer Build Fire Res Lab Natl Inst Stand Technol
Moehle JP, Hooper JD, Kelly DJ, Meyer TR (2010) NEHRP seismic design technical brief no. 3 seismic seismic design of cast-in-place concrete diaphragms, chords, and collectors
Moehle J, Bozorgnia Y, Jayaram N, Jones P, Rahnama M, Shome N et al (2011) Case studies of the seismic performance of tall buildings designed by alternative means. Pacific Earthq Eng Res Cent Coll Eng Univ California, Berkeley PEER Rep 5
Paulay T, Priestley MJN (1992) Seismic design of reinforced concrete and masonry buildings
Powell G (2007) Detailed example of a tall shear wall building, using CSI’s PERFORM 3D nonlinear dynamic analysis. CSI, Berkeley
Pugh JS (2012) Numerical simulation of walls and seismic design recommendations for walled buildings. University of Washington
Reyes JC, Kalkan E (2012) How many records should be used in an ASCE/SEI-7 ground motion scaling procedure? Earthq Spectra. https://doi.org/10.1193/1.4000066
Reyes JC, Riaño AC, Kalkan E, Arango CM (2015) Extending modal pushover-based scaling procedure for nonlinear response history analysis of multi-story unsymmetric-plan buildings. Eng Struct. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engstruct.2015.01.041
Rodriguez ME, Restrepo JI, Carr AJ (2002) Earthquake-induced floor horizontal accelerations in buildings. Earthq Eng Struct Dyn. https://doi.org/10.1002/eqe.149
Rodriguez ME, Restrepo JI, Blandón JJ (2007) Seismic design forces for rigid floor diaphragms in precast concrete building structures. J Struct Eng. https://doi.org/10.1061/(asce)0733-9445(2007)133:11(1604)
Tanyeri AC, Moehle JP (2012) Seismic performance and modeling of post-tensioned, precast concrete shear walls. In: 15th world conf earthq eng
Taucer F, Alarcon JE, So E (2009) 2007 August 15 magnitude 7.9 earthquake near the coast of Central Peru: analysis and field mission report. Bull Earthq Eng. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10518-008-9092-3
Tena-Colunga A, Correa-Arizmendi H, Luna-Arroyo JL, Gatica-Avilés G (2008) Seismic behavior of code-designed medium rise special moment-resisting frame RC buildings in soft soils of Mexico city. Eng Struct. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engstruct.2008.05.026
Tena-Colunga A, Chinchilla-Portillo KL, Juárez-Luna G (2015) Assessment of the diaphragm condition for floor systems used in urban buildings. Eng Struct. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engstruct.2015.03.025
Tuna Z (2012) Seismic performance, modeling, and failure assessment of reinforced concrete shear wall buildings. University of California, Los Angeles
Yamín Lacouture LE (2016) Riesgo sísmico de edificaciones en términos de pérdidas económicas mediante integración de costos de reparación de componentes
Zealand SN (2004) NZS 1170.5:2004 Structural Design Actions - Part 5: Earthquake design actions - New Zealand
Zhang D, Fleischman RB (2016) Establishment of performance-based seismic design factors for precast concrete floor diaphragms. Earthq Eng Struct Dyn. https://doi.org/10.1002/eqe.2679
Acknowledgements
This Project was funded by Manufacturas de Cemento (TITAN), Colciencias (Contract Number: 2014-04-01), and Universidad de los Andes, Bogotá.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Additional information
Publisher's Note
Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Correal, J.F., Hidalgo, V., Reyes, J.C. et al. A comparative study of seismic diaphragm design forces for RC dual system buildings. Bull Earthquake Eng 18, 4515–4540 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10518-020-00870-8
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10518-020-00870-8