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Limited induction of ethylene and cyanide synthesis are observed in quinclorac-resistant barnyardgrass (Echinochloa crus-galli) in Uruguay

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  28 April 2020

Manuel Diez Vignola ,
Martha Sainz ,
Néstor E. Saldain ,
Claudia Marchesi ,
Victoria Bonnecarrère  and
Pedro Díaz Gadea Open the ORCID record for Pedro Díaz Gadea [Opens in a new window]
Manuel Diez Vignola
Affiliation:
Graduate Student, Laboratorio de Bioquímica, Facultad de Agronomía, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
Martha Sainz
Affiliation:
Research Assistant, Laboratorio de Bioquímica, Facultad de Agronomía, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
Néstor E. Saldain
Affiliation:
Principal Researcher, Programa Producción Arroz, Estación Experimental INIA Treinta y Tres, Instituto Nacional de Investigación Agropecuaria (INIA, National Institute of Agricultural Research), Uruguay
Claudia Marchesi
Affiliation:
Associate Researcher, Programa Producción de Arroz, Estación Experimental INIA Tacuarembó, Instituto Nacional de Investigación Agropecuaria (INIA, National Institute of Agricultural Research), Uruguay
Victoria Bonnecarrère
Affiliation:
Principal Researcher, Biotechnology Unit, Wilson Ferreira Aldunate Experimental Station, Instituto Nacional de Investigación Agropecuaria (INIA, National Institute of Agricultural Research), Uruguay
Pedro Díaz Gadea*
Affiliation:
Associate Professor, Laboratorio de Bioquímica, Facultad de Agronomía, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
*
Author for correspondence: Pedro Díaz Gadea, Associate Professor, Facultad de Agronomía, Universidad de la República, Avenida Garzón 809, Montevideo, Uruguay12900. E-mail: pediaz@fagro.edu.uy
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Abstract

Barnyardgrass [Echinochloa crus-galli (L.) P. Beauv] is the foremost weed in rice (Oryza sativa L.) systems, and its control is crucial to successful rice production. Quinclorac, a synthetic auxin herbicide, has been used effectively to manage E. crus-galli. However, occurrences of quinclorac-resistant genotypes are frequently reported, and its resistance evolution has led to questions about the continued utility of quinclorac for grass control. Identification of the resistance mechanism(s) of resistant genotypes will facilitate development of integrated weed management strategies that sustain quinclorac use for management of E. crus-galli. We evaluated the responses to quinclorac of two contrasting genotypes: E7 (resistant, R) and LM04 (susceptible, S). Quinclorac induced ethylene and cyanide biosynthesis in the S-genotype. Both genotypes responded similarly to an increasing application of exogenous 1-carboxylic acid aminocyclopropane (ACC) and potassium cyanide, and their growth was inhibited at higher doses. The key mechanism for cyanide (HCN) detoxification in plants, β-cyanoalanine synthase (β-CAS) activity, was evaluated in both genotypes, and no significant difference was observed in the basal activity. However, quinclorac significantly induced β-CAS–like activity in the S-genotype, which is consistent with the increased synthesis of ethylene and cyanide. This work suggests that the resistance to quinclorac of the E7 R-genotype is likely related to an alteration in the auxin signal transduction pathway, causing a lower stimulation of ACC synthase and, therefore, limited synthesis of ethylene and HCN after quinclorac treatment.

Keywords

β-cyanoalanine synthaseauxin herbicideresistancerice
Type
Research Article
Information
Weed Science , Volume 68 , Issue 4 , July 2020 , pp. 348 - 357
Copyright
© Weed Science Society of America, 2020

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Footnotes

Associate Editor: Ian Burke, Washington State University

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