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A Tropical Cyclone-Induced Ecological Regime Shift: Mangrove Forest Conversion to Mudflat in Everglades National Park (Florida, USA)

  • Wetlands and Climate Change
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Abstract

The ecological effects of tropical cyclones on mangrove forests are diverse and highly location- and cyclone-dependent. Ecological resistance, resilience, and enhancement are terms that describe most mangrove forest responses to tropical cyclones. However, in the most extreme cases, tropical cyclones can trigger abrupt and irreversible ecological transformations (i.e., ecological regime shifts). Here, we examine a cyclone-induced ecological regime shift that occurred in Everglades National Park (USA), where forest mortality and peat collapse due to a powerful tropical cyclone (the 1935 Labor Day Hurricane) led to the conversion of mangrove forests to mudflats and an estimated elevation loss of approximately 75 cm. We investigated soil elevation change measured in these mangrove forests and adjacent mudflats during a twenty-year period [1998–2018] using Surface Elevation Table-Marker Horizon (SET-MH) methods. This period encompasses the effects of Hurricanes Wilma (2005) and Irma (2017). We also used historical sea-level rise rates and future sea-level rise scenarios to estimate surface elevation changes in the past (1930–1998) and to illustrate elevation gains needed for these ecosystems to adapt to future change. Collectively, our findings advance understanding of the long-term effects of cyclone-induced ecological regime shifts due to forest mortality, peat collapse, and conversion of mangrove forests to mudflats.

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Acknowledgements

We are grateful to Jim Lynch, Christa Walker, Greg Ward, Luz Romero, Paul Nelson, Fara Ilami, Matt Finn, and the many other individuals that helped collect these data. We also thank the Everglades National Park for their permission to conduct this research. This research was supported by the USGS Greater Everglades Priority Ecosystems Science Program, the USGS Ecosystems Mission Area, and the USGS Land Change Science Climate R&D Program. Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. The SET-MH data are available via Feher et al. (2019a) — https://doi.org10.5066/F7348HNP.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. U.S. Geological Survey, 700 Cajundome Blvd, Lafayette, LA, 70506, USA

    Michael J. Osland, Laura C. Feher, William C. Vervaeke & Ken W. Krauss

  2. U.S. Geological Survey, Gainesville, FL, 32653, USA

    Gordon H. Anderson

  3. U.S. National Park Service, Miami, FL, 33157, USA

    Kevin R.T. Whelan

  4. U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Suffolk, VA, 23434, USA

    Karen M. Balentine

  5. National Marine Fisheries Service (contracted through Jamison Professional Services), NOAA Southeast Regional Office, St. Petersburg, FL, 33701, USA

    Ginger Tiling-Range

  6. U.S. Geological Survey (retired), St. Petersburg, FL, 33701, USA

    Thomas J. Smith III

  7. U.S. Geological Survey, Laurel, MD, 20708, USA

    Donald R. Cahoon

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  1. Michael J. Osland
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Osland, M.J., Feher, L.C., Anderson, G.H. et al. A Tropical Cyclone-Induced Ecological Regime Shift: Mangrove Forest Conversion to Mudflat in Everglades National Park (Florida, USA). Wetlands 40, 1445–1458 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s13157-020-01291-8

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