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Combined addition of chemical and organic amendments enhances plant resistance to aboveground herbivores through increasing microbial abundance and diversity

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Abstract

Two greenhouse experiments using soils from long-term field plots were carried out to test whether and how soil factors modulated by organic amendments feed back to rice plant growth and defense against an aboveground herbivore, the planthopper Nilaparvata lugens. Using factorial combinations of sterilized soil and soil inocula obtained from chemically amended plots (i.e., control treatment) or chemically plus organically amended plots (i.e., organic treatment), we disentangled the effects of biotic and abiotic soil properties on plant and planthopper performance. We found that, compared with abiotic soil properties, soil biological factors were the main drivers in regulating plant growth performance. Specifically, soil biota that are shaped by the organic treatment had high microbial abundance and diversity and enhanced rice plant tolerance (i.e., increasing plant total biomass) and resistance (i.e., decreasing amino acid and sugar concentrations) to planthoppers. Moreover, the organic treatment simultaneously increased plant growth and defense against planthoppers, which could be explained by high soil nutrient availability driven by soil biota. Our results demonstrate the importance of synergistic effects of soil biota and soil abiotic factors on plant growth and resistance to herbivory. These findings are important for better understanding the mechanisms and impacts of ecological intensification as well as the potential of steering soil communities to reduce the use of chemical fertilizers and pesticides and further optimize crop production.

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Acknowledgments

This work was funded by the Natural Science Foundation of China (41771287 and 41877056), the Jiangxi Key R&D program (20181ACH80007) and the Innovative Foreign Experts Introduction Plan for National Key Discipline of Agricultural Resources and Environment (B12009). PK acknowledges support from the Swedish Research Council (Vetenskapsrådet). We thank Nan Jin, Xin Gong and other members of Soil Ecology Lab for their help in the laboratory work and Prof. Wei Huang for helpful comments.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Soil Ecology Lab, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China

    Linhui Jiang, Ling Luo, Yu Zhang, Xiaoyun Chen, Zhenggao Xiao, Feng Hu & Manqiang Liu

  2. Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Solid Organic Waste Resource Utilization & Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Solid Organic Waste Utilization, Nanjing, 210095, China

    Linhui Jiang, Ling Luo, Yu Zhang, Xiaoyun Chen, Zhenggao Xiao, Feng Hu & Manqiang Liu

  3. Cluster of Excellence on Plant Sciences (CEPLAS), Terrestrial Ecology, Institute of Zoology, University of Cologne, 50674, Köln, Germany

    Michael Bonkowski

  4. Department of Forest Ecology and Management, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, SE-901 83, Umeå, Sweden

    Paul Kardol

  5. Jiangxi Institute of Red Soil, Nanchang, 331717, China

    Daming Li

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  1. Linhui Jiang
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  2. Michael Bonkowski
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  10. Manqiang Liu
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Correspondence to Manqiang Liu.

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Jiang, L., Bonkowski, M., Luo, L. et al. Combined addition of chemical and organic amendments enhances plant resistance to aboveground herbivores through increasing microbial abundance and diversity. Biol Fertil Soils 56, 1007–1022 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00374-020-01473-w

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00374-020-01473-w

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