Abstract
Bio-based materials, such as hemp concrete, have been widely recommended to reduce carbon emissions and energy consumption of buildings as a means of addressing current environmental problems. These materials may possess very interesting hygrothermal and acoustic performance. Hemp concrete is composed of hemp particles embedded in a binder that forms a very heterogeneous and porous component. The aim of this paper is to examine the influence of hemp concrete heterogeneity on the mechanisms of heat and mass transfer. The originality of this paper is to consider the real 3D structure of hemp concrete for modelling coupled heat and moisture transfers within the material. These 3D microstructures were obtained using 3D X-ray tomography reconstruction with a voxel size of 31.8 µm. Then, a specific finite element mesh was generated from the real, heterogeneous geometry of hemp shives, binder and interparticle air. A mesoscopic model was developed to simulate coupled heat and mass transfer phenomena within the material. The 3D temperature and relative humidity fields showed high heterogeneity and complex distributions that are governed by the hemp concrete morphology. In addition, the anisotropy of the material led to different effective thermal conductivities in each transfer direction. Numerical comparison with simulations performed on the fictive elementary representative volume of hemp concrete showed that consideration of the real geometry allows a better understanding of coupled heat and moisture transfer phenomena modelling.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Aït Oumeziane, Y., Bart, M., Moissette, S., Lanos, C.: Hysteretic behaviour and moisture buffering of hemp concrete. Transp. Porous Media 103, 515–533 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11242-014-0314-7
Akolkar, A., Rahmatian, N., Unterberger, S.H., Petrasch, J.: Tomography based analysis of conduction anisotropy in fibrous insulation. Int. J. Heat Mass Transf. 108, 1740–1749 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2016.12.083
Baggio, P., Bonacina, C., Schrefler, B.: Some considerations on modeling heat and mass transfer in porous media. Transp. Porous Media 28, 233–251 (1997). https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1006525729566
Bart, M., Moissette, S., Ait Oumeziane, Y., Lanos, C.: Transient hygrothermal modelling of coated hemp-concrete walls. Eur. J. Environ. Civ. Eng. 18, 927–944 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1080/19648189.2014.911122
Belarbi, R., Qin, M., Aït-Mokhtar, A., Nilsson, L.-O.: Experimental and theoretical investigation of non-isothermal transfer in hygroscopic building materials. Build. Environ. 43, 2154–2162 (2008). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.buildenv.2007.12.014
Belarbi, R., Bennai, F., Ferroukhi, M.Y., El Hachem, C., Abahri, K.: Multiscale modelling for better hygrothermal prediction of porous building materials. MATEC Web Conf. 149, 02005 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201814902005
Belova, I.V., Veyhl, C., Fiedler, T., Murch, G.E.: Analysis of anisotropic behaviour of thermal conductivity in cellular metals. Scr. Mater. 65, 436–439 (2011). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scriptamat.2011.05.029
Bennai, F., Abahri, K., Belarbi, R., Tahakourt, A.: Periodic homogenization for heat, air, and moisture transfer of porous building materials. Numer. Heat Transf. Part B Fundam. 70, 420–440 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1080/10407790.2016.1230393
Bennai, F., Abahri, K., Belarbi, R., Tahakourt, A.: Convective and conductive thermal homogenization for non-saturated porous building materials: application on the thermal conductivity tensor. Therm. Sci. 22, 2367–2378 (2018a). https://doi.org/10.2298/TSCI160330262B
Bennai, F., El Hachem, C., Abahri, K., Belarbi, R.: Microscopic hydric characterization of hemp concrete by X-ray microtomography and digital volume correlation. Constr. Build. Mater. 188, 983–994 (2018b). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2018.08.198
Bennai, F., Issaadi, N., Abahri, K., Belarbi, R., Tahakourt, A.: Experimental characterization of thermal and hygric properties of hemp concrete with consideration of the material age evolution. Heat Mass Transf. 54, 1189–1197 (2018c). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00231-017-2221-2
Bird, M.B., Butler, S.L., Hawkes, C.D., Kotzer, T.: Numerical modeling of fluid and electrical currents through geometries based on synchrotron X-ray tomographic images of reservoir rocks using Avizo and COMSOL. Comput. Geosci. 73, 6–16 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cageo.2014.08.009
Chamoin, J.: Optimisation des propriétés (physiques, hydriques et mécaniques) de bétons de chanvre par la maîtrise de la formulation (2013)
Chen, J., Gao, X.: Thermal and electrical anisotropy of polymer matrix composite materials reinforced with graphene nanoplatelets and aluminum-based particles. Diam. Relat. Mater. 100, 107571 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.diamond.2019.107571
Colinart, T., Lelievre, D., Glouannec, P.: Experimental and numerical analysis of the transient hygrothermal behavior of multilayered hemp concrete wall. Energy Build. 112, 1–11 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enbuild.2015.11.027
Colinart, T., Glouannec, P., Bendouma, M., Chauvelon, P.: Temperature dependence of sorption isotherm of hygroscopic building materials. Part 2: Influence on hygrothermal behavior of hemp concrete. Energy Build. 152, 42–51 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enbuild.2017.07.016
Collet, F., Pretot, S.: Experimental investigation of moisture buffering capacity of sprayed hemp concrete. Constr. Build. Mater. 36, 58–65 (2012). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2012.04.139
Costantine, G., Maalouf, C., Moussa, T., Polidori, G.: Experimental and numerical investigations of thermal performance of a Hemp Lime external building insulation. Build. Environ. 131, 140–153 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.buildenv.2017.12.037
Degrave-Lemeurs, M., Glé, P., Hellouin de Menibus, A.: Acoustical properties of hemp concretes for buildings thermal insulation: application to clay and lime binders. Constr. Build. Mater. 160, 462–474 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2017.11.064
Fabbri, A., McGregor, F.: Impact of the determination of the sorption-desorption curves on the prediction of the hemp concrete hygrothermal behaviour. Constr. Build. Mater. 157, 108–116 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2017.09.077
Ferroukhi, M.Y., Abahri, K., Belarbi, R., Limam, K., Nouviaire, A.: Experimental validation of coupled heat, air and moisture transfer modeling in multilayer building components. Heat Mass Transf. 52, 2257–2269 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00231-015-1740-y
Glé, P., Gourdon, E., Arnaud, L.: Acoustical properties of materials made of vegetable particles with several scales of porosity. Appl. Acoust. 72, 249–259 (2011). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apacoust.2010.11.003
Haussener, S., Steinfeld, A.: Effective heat and mass transport properties of anisotropic porous ceria for solar thermochemical fuel generation. Materials 5, 192–209 (2012). https://doi.org/10.3390/ma5010192
Huang, L., Krigsvoll, G., Johansen, F., Liu, Y., Zhang, X.: Carbon emission of global construction sector. Renew. Sustain. Energy Rev. 81, 1906–1916 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2017.06.001
Kinnane, O., Reilly, A., Grimes, J., Pavia, S., Walker, R.: Acoustic absorption of hemp-lime construction. Constr. Build. Mater. 122, 674–682 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2016.06.106
Latif, E., Tucker, S., Ciupala, M.A., Wijeyesekera, D.C., Newport, D.: Hygric properties of hemp bio-insulations with differing compositions. Constr. Build. Mater. 66, 702–711 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2014.06.021
Le, A.D.T., Samri, D., Rahim, M., Douzane, O., Promis, G., Langlet, T.: Effect of temperature-dependent sorption characteristics on the hygrothermal behavior of hemp concrete. Energy Procedia 78, 1449–1454 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.egypro.2015.11.169
Le Tran, A.D., Maalouf, C., Mai, T.H., Wurtz, E., Collet, F.: Transient hygrothermal behaviour of a hemp concrete building envelope. Energy Build. 42, 1797–1806 (2010). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enbuild.2010.05.016
Legland, D., Arganda-Carreras, I., Andrey, P.: MorphoLibJ: integrated library and plugins for mathematical morphology with ImageJ. Bioinformatics (2016). https://doi.org/10.1093/bioinformatics/btw413
Lelievre, D., Colinart, T., Glouannec, P.: Hygrothermal behavior of bio-based building materials including hysteresis effects: experimental and numerical analyses. Energy Build. 84, 617–627 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enbuild.2014.09.013
Luikov, A.V. (ed.): Chapter 6 - Heat and mass transfer in capillary-porous bodies. In: Heat and Mass Transfer in Capillary-Porous Bodies, pp. 233–303. Pergamon (1966). https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-1-4832-0065-1.50010-6
Luikov, A.V.: Systems of differential equations of heat and mass transfer in capillary-porous bodies (review). Int. J. Heat Mass Transf. 18, 1–14 (1975). https://doi.org/10.1016/0017-9310(75)90002-2
Maalouf, C., Le, A.D.T., Umurigirwa, S.B., Lachi, M., Douzane, O.: Study of hygrothermal behaviour of a hemp concrete building envelope under summer conditions in France. Energy Build. 77, 48–57 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enbuild.2014.03.040
Maaroufi, M., Abahri, K., Bennai, F., Belarbi, R.: Moisture transfer modelling in polystyrene mortar with consideration of sorption hysteresis. E3S Web Conf 128, 07006 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/201912807006
Maire, E., Colombo, P., Adrien, J., Babout, L., Biasetto, L.: Characterization of the morphology of cellular ceramics by 3D image processing of X-ray tomography. J. Eur. Ceram. Soc. 27, 1973–1981 (2007). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jeurceramsoc.2006.05.097
Miao, X., Narsilio, G.A., Wu, A., Yang, B.: A 3D dual pore-system leaching model. Part 1: study on fluid flow. Hydrometallurgy 167, 173–182 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.hydromet.2016.11.015
Moissette, S., Bart, M., Aït Oumeziane, Y., Lanos, C., Collet, F., Prétot, S.: Numerical tool for the evaluation of the hygrothermal performance of a hemp-lime concrete. In: Tran-Nguyen, H.-H., Wong, H., Ragueneau, F., Ha-Minh, C. (eds.) Proceedings of the 4th Congrès International de Géotechnique - Ouvrages –Structures, pp. 533–543. Springer Singapore, Singapore (2018)
Nejat, P., Jomehzadeh, F., Taheri, M.M., Gohari, M., Abd Majid, M.Z.: A global review of energy consumption, CO2 emissions and policy in the residential sector (with an overview of the top ten CO2 emitting countries). Renew. Sustain. Energy Rev. 43, 843–862 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2014.11.066
Nguyen, T.-T., Picandet, V., Amziane, S., Baley, C.: Influence of compactness and hemp hurd characteristics on the mechanical properties of lime and hemp concrete. Eur. J. Environ. Civ. Eng. 13, 1039–1050 (2009). https://doi.org/10.1080/19648189.2009.9693171
Ni, X., Miao, J., Lv, R., Lin, X.: Quantitative 3D spatial characterization and flow simulation of coal macropores based on μCT technology. Fuel 200, 199–207 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fuel.2017.03.068
Nozahic, V., Amziane, S., Torrent, G., Saïdi, K., De Baynast, H.: Design of green concrete made of plant-derived aggregates and a pumice–lime binder. Cem. Concr. Compos. 34, 231–241 (2012). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cemconcomp.2011.09.002
Pandey, R.N., Srivastava, S.K., Mikhailov, M.D.: Solutions of Luikov equations of heat and mass transfer in capillary porous bodies through matrix calculus: a new approach. Int. J. Heat Mass Transf. 42, 2649–2660 (1999). https://doi.org/10.1016/S0017-9310(98)00253-1
Park, C.H.: 15 - Numerical simulation of flow processes in composites manufacturing. In: Boisse, P. (ed.) Advances in Composites Manufacturing and Process Design, pp. 317–378. Woodhead Publishing (2015). https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-1-78242-307-2.00015-4
Philip, J.R., De Vries, D.A.: Moisture movement in porous materials under temperature gradients. Trans. Am. Geophys. Union 38, 222 (1957). https://doi.org/10.1029/TR038i002p00222
Pierre, T., Carin, M.: Characterization of the thermal properties of millimeter-sized insulating materials. Int. J. Therm. Sci. 135, 247–255 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijthermalsci.2018.09.009
Pretot, S., Collet, F., Garnier, C.: Life cycle assessment of a hemp concrete wall: impact of thickness and coating. Build. Environ. 72, 223–231 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.buildenv.2013.11.010
Qin, M., Belarbi, R., Ait-Mokhtar, A., Nilsson, L.-O.: Nonisothermal moisture transport in hygroscopic building materials: modeling for the determination of moisture transport coefficients. Transp. Porous Media 72, 255–271 (2008). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11242-007-9148-x
Qin, M., Aït-Mokhtar, A., Belarbi, R.: Two-dimensional hygrothermal transfer in porous building materials. Appl. Therm. Eng. 30, 2555–2562 (2010). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2010.07.006
Rahim, M., Douzane, O., Le Tran, A.D., Promis, G., Langlet, T.: Characterization and comparison of hygric properties of rape straw concrete and hemp concrete. Constr. Build. Mater. 102, 679–687 (2016a). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2015.11.021
Rahim, M., Le Tran, A.D., Douzane, O., Promis, G., Langlet, T.: Numerical investigation of the effect of non-isotherme sorption characteristics on hygrothermal behavior of two bio-based building walls. J. Build. Eng. 7, 263–272 (2016b). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jobe.2016.07.003
Remki, B., Abahri, K., Tahlaiti, M., Belarbi, R.: Hygrothermal transfer in wood drying under the atmospheric pressure gradient. Int. J. Therm. Sci. 57, 135–141 (2012). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijthermalsci.2012.02.005
Rode, C., Hens, H., & Janssen, H. (eds.).: IEA Annex 41 whole building heat, air, moisture response: Closing seminar, Nordic Building Physics Conference. Byg Rapport, No. R-191 (2008)
Silva, F.R.G.B., Gonçalves, G., Lenzi, M.K., Lenzi, E.K.: An extension of the linear Luikov system equations of heat and mass transfer. Int. J. Heat Mass Transf. 63, 233–238 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2013.04.007
Tran-Le, A.D., Nguyen, S.-T., Langlet, T.: A novel anisotropic analytical model for effective thermal conductivity tensor of dry lime-hemp concrete with preferred spatial distributions. Energy Build. 182, 75–87 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enbuild.2018.09.043
Van Belleghem, M., Steeman, M., Janssen, H., Janssens, A., De Paepe, M.: Validation of a coupled heat, vapour and liquid moisture transport model for porous materials implemented in CFD. Build. Environ. 81, 340–353 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.buildenv.2014.06.024
Wang, L., Bao, J., Ueda, T.: Prediction of mass transport in cracked-unsaturated concrete by mesoscale lattice model. Ocean Eng. 127, 144–157 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.oceaneng.2016.09.044
Williams, J., Lawrence, M., Walker, P.: A method for the assessment of the internal structure of bio-aggregate concretes. Constr. Build. Mater. 116, 45–51 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2016.04.088
Williams, J., Lawrence, M., Walker, P.: The influence of the casting process on the internal structure and physical properties of hemp-lime. Mater Struct. 50, 108 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1617/s11527-016-0976-4
Youssef, A.: Prise en compte des apports mécaniques du béton de chanvre pour le calcul de structure bois/béton de chanvre et métal/béton de chanvre (2017)
Zaknoune, A.: Etude du comportement thermohydrique de matériaux « chanvre-chaux » lors de la phase de séchage—estimation par technique inverse des propriétés hydriques (2011)
Acknowledgements
The Region and the European Union support the project < CPER BATIMENT DURABLE. Axis 2 MADUR Project: High-performance building materials with low environmental impact, sustainable and resilient > within the framework of the “Operational Program FEDER/FSE 2014–2020”. This work has also been supported by the French “Agence Nationale de la Recherche” through the “Investissements d'Avenir” program (ANR-10- EQPX-37 MATMECA Grant). The authors would like to thank Benjamin Smaniotto for his technical support and useful discussions.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Additional information
Publisher's Note
Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Bennai, F., Abahri, K. & Belarbi, R. Contribution to the Modelling of Coupled Heat and Mass Transfers on 3D Real Structure of Heterogeneous Building Materials: Application to Hemp Concrete. Transp Porous Med 133, 333–356 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11242-020-01426-9
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11242-020-01426-9