Abstract
In order to explore the factors impacting on the roughness of natural rock joints, a new roughness parameter AHD (the average equivalent height difference) is proposed based on study of joint surface by using the 3D laser scanning technology. The new parameter AHD cannot only reflect the roughness anisotropy of joint surface, but the sampling interval effect and the size effect on roughness. To quantitatively characterize the roughness anisotropy of joint surface, a new anisotropy parameter AAHD is established based on the new roughness parameter AHD. The new parameter AAHD is more comprehensive and reasonable than the anisotropy parameter Ka obtained by Belem because of its consideration on surface morphology in all shear directions, while Ka only considers the largest and the smallest values of roughness parameter. Based on the new parameter AAHD, the sampling interval effect and the size effect on the roughness anisotropy are further studied. The obtained results show that the roughness of joint surface is determined by shear directions, sampling intervals, and research sizes (which refers to window sampling size). It is found that the size effect on roughness depends on shear directions and stabilizes when research size increases to a certain value, while the roughness anisotropy is determined by sampling intervals and research size as well.
![](http://media.springernature.com/m312/springer-static/image/art%3A10.1007%2Fs12517-020-05330-w/MediaObjects/12517_2020_5330_Fig1_HTML.png)
![](http://media.springernature.com/m312/springer-static/image/art%3A10.1007%2Fs12517-020-05330-w/MediaObjects/12517_2020_5330_Fig2_HTML.png)
![](http://media.springernature.com/m312/springer-static/image/art%3A10.1007%2Fs12517-020-05330-w/MediaObjects/12517_2020_5330_Fig3_HTML.png)
![](http://media.springernature.com/m312/springer-static/image/art%3A10.1007%2Fs12517-020-05330-w/MediaObjects/12517_2020_5330_Fig4_HTML.png)
![](http://media.springernature.com/m312/springer-static/image/art%3A10.1007%2Fs12517-020-05330-w/MediaObjects/12517_2020_5330_Fig5_HTML.png)
![](http://media.springernature.com/m312/springer-static/image/art%3A10.1007%2Fs12517-020-05330-w/MediaObjects/12517_2020_5330_Fig6_HTML.png)
![](http://media.springernature.com/m312/springer-static/image/art%3A10.1007%2Fs12517-020-05330-w/MediaObjects/12517_2020_5330_Fig7_HTML.png)
![](http://media.springernature.com/m312/springer-static/image/art%3A10.1007%2Fs12517-020-05330-w/MediaObjects/12517_2020_5330_Fig8_HTML.png)
![](http://media.springernature.com/m312/springer-static/image/art%3A10.1007%2Fs12517-020-05330-w/MediaObjects/12517_2020_5330_Fig9_HTML.png)
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Ban LR, Qi CZ, Shan RL (2018a) An improved GW model considering the changing curvature radius of asperities. J Mining Sci Technol 3(5):442–450. https://doi.org/10.19606/j.cnki.jmst.2018.05.004
Ban LR, Qi CZ, Shan RL (2018b) A new 3D roughness parameter system for rock joint. J China Coal Soc 35(2):185–189. https://doi.org/10.13225/j.cnki.jccs.2018.0353
Ban LR, Qi CZ, Xue YD (2019) Replication of shear test and peak shear strength model of mortar joints based on 3D printing technology[J]. J Coal Sci:1–8. https://doi.org/10.13225/j.cnki.jccs.2019.0177
Barton N (1973) Review of a new shear-strength criterion for rock joints. Eng Geol 7(4):287–332. https://doi.org/10.1016/0013-7952(73)90013-6
Belem T, Homand-Etienne F, Souley M (2000) Quantitative parameters for rock joint surface roughness. Rock Mech Rock Eng 33(4):217–242. https://doi.org/10.1007/s006030070001
Chen SJ, Zhu WC, Liu SX (2015) Anisotropy and size effects of surface roughness of rock joints. Chin J Rock Mech Eng 34(a01):57–66. https://doi.org/10.13722/j.cnki.jrme.2015.01.007
Chen SJ, Zhu WC, Yu QL (2016) Characterization of anisotropy of joint surface roughness and aperture by variogram approach based on digital image processing technique. Rock Mech Rock Eng 49(3):855–876. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00603-015-0795-x
Dong WP, Mainsh E, Stout KJ (1995) Reference planes for the assessment of surface roughness in three dimensions. Int J Mach Tool Manu 35(2):263–271. https://doi.org/10.1016/0890-6955(94)P2382-P
Du SG, Tang HM (1993) Anisotropy of surface roughness of rock joints. J Eng Geol 1(2):32–42
Fardin N (2008) Influence of structural non-stationarity of surface roughness on morphological characterization and mechanical deformation of rock joints. Rock Mech Rock Eng 41(2):267–297. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00603-007-0144-9
Ge YF, Kulatilake P, Tang HM (2014) Investigation of natural rock joint roughness[J]. Comput Geotech 55:290–305. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compgeo.2013.09.015
Ge YF, Tang HM, Wang LQ (2016) Anisotropy, scale and interval effects of natural rock discontinuity surface roughness. Chin J Rock Mech Eng 38(1):170–179 DOI:1000–4548(2016)01–0170–10
Ge YF, Xie ZG, Tang HM (2019) Determination of shear failure regions of rock joints based on point clouds and image segmentation[J]. Eng Geol 260. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enggeo.2019.105250
Grasselli G (2004) 3D Behaviour of bolted rock joints: experimental and numerical study[J]. Int J Rock Mechan Mining Sci 42(1):13–24. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijrmms.2004.06.003
Grasselli G, Egger P (2003) Constitutive law for the shear strength of rock joints based on three-dimensional surface parameters. Int J Rock Mech Min Sci 40(1):25–40. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1365-1609(02)00101-6
Grasselli G, Manuel RM (2006) Recipient shear strength of rock joints based on quantified surface description[J]. Rock Mech Rock Eng 39(4):295–314. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00603-006-0100-0
Hencher S R, Toy J P, Lumsden A C. (1993) Scale-dependent shear-strength of rock joints// scale effects in rock masses 93; Proceedings of the 2textsuperscriptnd international workshop on scale effects in rock masses. 1993:233–240
Kulatilake P, Ge YF (2014) Investigation of stability of the critical rock blocks that initiated the Jiweishan landslide in China[J]. Geotech Geol Eng 32(5):1291–1315. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10706-014-9806-z
Kulatilake P, Balasingam P, Jinyong P (2006) Natural rock joint roughness quantification through fractal techniques[J]. Geotech Geol Eng 24(5):1181–1202. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10706-005-1219-6
Kwon TH, Hong ES, Cho GC (2010) Shear behavior of rectangular-shaped asperities in rock joints[J]. KSCE J Civ Eng 14(3):323–332. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12205-010-0323-1
Lu CP, Dou LM, Zhang N (2013) Microseismic frequency-spectrum evolutionary rule of rockburst triggered by roof fall[J]. Int J Rock Mech Min Sci 64:6–16. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijrmms.2013.08.022
Lu CP, Liu GJ, Liu Y (2015) Microseismic multi-parameter characteristics of rockburst hazard induced by hard roof fall and high stress concentration[J]. Int J Rock Mech Min Sci 76:18–32. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijrmms.2015.02.005
Lu CP, Liu Y, Wang HY (2016) Microseismic signals of double-layer hard and thick igneous strata separation and fracturing[J]. Int J Coal Geol 160(161):28–41. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.coal.2016.04.011
Rodriguez CE, Bommer JJ, Chandler RJ (1999) Earthquake-induced landslides: 1980–1997. Soil Dyn Earthq Eng 18(5):325–346
Song LB, Jiang Q, Li YH (2017) Study on the stability of statistical parameters of the rock nature discontinuities morphology and anisotropic based on different interval point-cloud data. Rock Soil Mech 38(4):1121–1132. https://doi.org/10.16285/j.rsm.2017.04.025
Tang ZC, Xia CC, Song YL (2006) New peak shear strength criteria for rough joints. Chin J Rock Mech Eng 25(12):2481–2492
Tang H, Ge Y, Wang L (2012) Study on estimation method of rock mass discontinuity shear strength based on three-dimensional laser scanning and image technique. J Earth Sci 23(6):908–913. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12583-012-0301-2
Tang ZC, Liu QS, Liu XY (2014) Shear behavior of rock joints and comparative study on shear strength criteria with three-dimensional morphology parameters. Chin J Rock Mech Eng 36(5):873–879. https://doi.org/10.11779/CJGE201405009
Tao ZG, Pang SH, Zhang B (2016) Experimental study on failure law of cracking and disintegration of rock mass in large-scale slope. J Mining Sci Technol 1(3):222–227. https://doi.org/10.19606/j.cnki.jmst.2016.03.002
Tatone BSA (2013) An investigation of discontinuity roughness scale dependency using high-resolution surface measurements. Rock Mech Rock Eng 46(4):657–681. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00603-012-0294-2
Tse R, Cruden DM (1979) Estimating joint roughness coefficients. Int J Rock Mech Min Sci Geomech Abstr 16(5):303–307. https://doi.org/10.1016/0148-9062(79)90241-9
Wang WL, Wang TT, Su JJ (2001) Assessment of damage in mountain tunnels due to the Taiwan Chi-Chi Earthquake. Tunnel Undergr Space Technol Incorp Trenchless Technol Res 16(3):133–150. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0886-7798(01)00047-5
Xie H, Wang JA (1999) Direct fractal measurement of fracture surfaces. J Univ Sci Technol Beijing 36(20):3073–3084. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0020-7683(98)00141-3
Yi C, Wang CJ, Zhang L (2006) Study on description index system of rough surface based on bi-body interaction. Chin J Rock Mech Eng 25(12):2481–2492. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1872-1508(06)60035-1
Zhang ZY, Li HJ, Jia CH (2018) Characteristics of direct shear test for plain concrete joint with rubber cushion. J Mining Sci Technol 3(1):20–28. https://doi.org/10.19606/j.cnki.jmst.2018.01.003
Funding
This work was supported by the National Key Basic Research Program of China (973) (Project No. 802015CB575) and the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Project Nos. 51478027 and 51174012).
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding authors
Additional information
Responsible editor: Zeynal Abiddin Erguler
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Yan, F., Ban, L., Qi, C. et al. Research on the anisotropy, size effect, and sampling interval effect of joint surface roughness. Arab J Geosci 13, 399 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12517-020-05330-w
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12517-020-05330-w