Bauhinia variegata leaf extract: An effective management option for diabetic cardiomyopathy

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sajb.2020.04.021Get rights and content
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Highlights

  • Bauhinia variegata is one of the important medicinal plant mentioned in traditional system of medicine.

  • Leaves of B. variegata contain flavonoids as major class of phytoconstituents.

  • Bauhinia variegata leaves extract (AlcE) attenuated changes in electrocardiogram, hemodynamic parameters in diabetic condition.

  • AlcE reduced oxidative stress in heart in diabetic condition.

Abstract

Hyperglycemia, hyperlipidemia, and oxidative stress are an important pathological conditions in diabetes which are linked with the progression of diabetic cardiomyopathy. Cardiomyopathy is considered as one of the major cause of mortality in diabetic patients. The present study focuses on the effect of Bauhinia variegata Linn leaves in the management of diabetic cardiomyopathy. Alcoholic extract of Bauhinia variegata Linn leaves (AlcE) was prepared and standardized using liquid chromatography-mass spectroscopy (LC-MS) analysis. Male Sprague Dawley rats received a single intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin (55 mg/kg) for induction of diabetes. After 6 weeks of diabetes induction, animals were treated with AlcE at the dose of 250, 500 and 1000 mg/kg by oral route for next 28 days. Diabetic control animals showed a significant increased level of blood glucose (P<0.001) when compared with normal control. Treatment with AlcE at dose 500 and 1000 mg/kg significantly reduced the elevated blood glucose (521.0 ± 8.40 and 459.3 ± 49.42, respectively) after 28 days of treatment (p<0.05 and p<0.001). Diabetic control group also showed significant increased level of cardiac marker enzyme-like aspartate transaminase (299.7 ± 17.0), lactate dehydrogenase (1235±40.39), creatinine kinase- MB (1081±42.49) in plasma. Treatment with AlcE at dose 1000 mg/kg significantly reduced the elevated level of aspartate transaminase (194.4 ± 12.27), lactate dehydrogenase (872.3 ± 28.58) and creatinine kinase- MB (735.5 ± 38.35) (p<0.001, p<0.001 and p<0.001, respectively). Elevated lipid markers like total cholesterol and triglyceride were found to be significantly attenuated after AlcE treatment at dose 1000 mg/kg (p<0.001 and p<0.05, respectively). AlcE treatment also significantly prevented the loss of antioxidant enzymes like superoxide dismutase, catalase and glutathione and reduced formation of lipid malondialdehyde in cardiac tissue (p<0.01, p<0.00, p<0.001 and P<0.001). Restoration of altered electrocardiogram pattern and hemodynamic parameters were also observed after AlcE treatment. Histopathological findings indicated that AlcE treatment prevented cardiac tissue from necrotic damage and collagen deposition.

Form the results, it can be concluded that Bauhinia variegata extract is having significant effect in the management of diabetic cardiomyopathy.

Keywords

Diabetes
Cardiomyopathy
Bauhinia variegata
Leaves

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Abbreviations: WHO- World Health Organization, BV- Bauhinia variegata Linn, AlcE- Alcoholic extract of bauhinia veriegata leaves, AST- Aspartate transaminase, LDH- Lactate dehydrogenase, CK-MB- Creatinin kinase -MB, TC- total cholesterol, TG- triglyceride, IAEC- Institutional Animal Ethics Committee, STZ- Streptozotocin, CMC- Sodium carboxymethylcellulose, ECG- Electrocardiogram, MABP- Mean arterial blood pressure, LVEDP- Ventricular left ventricular end-diastolic pressure, +dp/dt - Maximum rate of ventricular contraction, -dp/dt - minimum rate of ventricular contraction (-dp/dt), MDA- Malondialdehyde, SOD- Superoxide dismutase, CAT-, Catalyase, GSH- Glutathione.