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A systematic literature review assessing if genetic biomarkers are predictors for platinum-based chemotherapy response in ovarian cancer patients

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Abstract

Background

Ovarian cancer is the deadliest of gynecologic malignancies with the 5-year overall survival rate remaining at approximately 30%, a rate that has not improved over the last three decades. Standard of care for epithelial ovarian cancer patients consists of a platinum compound with a taxane given intravenously following debulking surgery; however, 80% of cases relapse within 2 years of diagnosis. This review sought to identify key underlying biomarkers related to platinum resistance in ovarian cancer to establish possible prognostic biomarkers of chemoresponse.

Methods

A systematic literature review was conducted across three databases PubMed, EMBASE and SCOPUS to summarise the evidence for prognostic biomarkers in platinum-resistant ovarian cancer patients.

Results

Forty-eight human studies were used in the review encompassing 6719 participants in retrospective and prospective study designs. A total of 68 biomarkers were reported that were significantly correlated with chemoresponse and/or survival reporting a p value less than or equal to 0.05.

Conclusion

This review accentuates the pleiotropic phenotypic complexities related to the response to platinum therapy in ovarian cancer. A one-size-fits-all approach may be ineffective in a large portion of patients, emphasising the need for a whole system-based approach and personalised treatment strategies. Identifying key biomarkers to aid clinical decision-making is the first essential step in developing and appropriating therapies for at-risk patients, reducing toxicity and improving quality of life.

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Notes

  1. DNA adducts are a piece of DNA bound to a chemical. In this instance, platinum drug becomes incorporated into the DNA as an adduct, thus being referred to as a platinum adduct [69].

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Caitlin Phillips Chavez (CPC), Dr. Michael Watson (MW), A/Prof Jermaine Coward (JC) and Dr. Janet Schloss (JS) contributed to the concept of the literature review. MW and JS oversaw the implementation of the literature review. CPC and MW conducted database screening. MW and JS checked the citations from full text. CPC completed the literature analysis. CPC wrote the first draft of the manuscript. MW, JC and JS conducted critical review of the draft manuscript with significant contributions to draft revisions and approval of the final manuscript for publication. CPC completed the final draft of the manuscript.

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Phillips-Chavez, C., Watson, M., Coward, J. et al. A systematic literature review assessing if genetic biomarkers are predictors for platinum-based chemotherapy response in ovarian cancer patients. Eur J Clin Pharmacol 76, 1059–1074 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00228-020-02874-4

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