Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Simultaneous 2D filtered Rayleigh scattering thermometry and stereoscopic particle image velocimetry measurements in turbulent non-premixed flames

  • Research Article
  • Published:
Experiments in Fluids Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

The current work presents simultaneous high-resolution temperature and three-component velocity measurements taken in a series of turbulent (Re = 10,000, 20,000, and 30,000) piloted, non-premixed jet flames using filtered Rayleigh scattering (FRS) thermometry and stereoscopic particle image velocimetry (sPIV). This manuscript details the experimental approach with a key focus on the experimental protocol and specific challenges unique to simultaneous single-shot FRS/sPIV measurements in turbulent non-premixed flames. Specific areas of discussion include the experimental particle scattering rejection for FRS measurements, elimination of signal “crosstalk” between FRS and PIV channels, tracer particle selection, data processing for noise removal, and spatial resolution for both the temperature and velocity measurements. Sample joint temperature/velocity fields are presented highlighting interactions between the flow turbulence and the temperature fields, and a detailed statistical assessment of the temperature and velocity measurements demonstrates the quantitative nature of the results. Dissipation spectra from the measured temperature and velocity fluctuations are used to assess the true spatial resolution of the measurements. Results indicate that the sPIV measurements are resolved well into the dissipative range and the highest spatial frequencies (smallest dissipative scales) are resolved for the temperature measurements under all flame cases and measurement locations. The current joint FRS/sPIV approach enables the first simultaneous single-shot temperature/velocity imaging in turbulent non-premixed flames.

Graphic abstract

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Fig. 4
Fig. 5
Fig. 6
Fig. 7
Fig. 8
Fig. 9
Fig. 10
Fig. 11
Fig. 12
Fig. 13
Fig. 14
Fig. 15
Fig. 16
Fig. 17
Fig. 18

Similar content being viewed by others

Notes

  1. For a detailed description of the processes that lead to both the particle and gas-phase spectra, please see McManus and Sutton (2019).

References

  • Allison PM, McManus TA, Sutton JA (2016) Quantitative fuel vapor/air mixing imaging in droplet/gas regions of an evaporating spray flow using filtered Rayleigh scattering. Opt Lett 41(6):1074–1077

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Barlow RS (2007) Laser diagnostics and their interplay with computations to understand turbulent combustion. Proc Combust Inst 31(1):49–75

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Barlow RS, Frank JH (1998) Effects of turbulence on species mass fractions in methane/air jet flames. Proc Combust Inst 27(1):1087–1095

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bergmann V, Meier W, Wolff D, Stricker W (1998) Application of spontaneous Raman and Rayleigh scattering and 2D LIF for the characterization of a turbulent CH4/H2/N2 jet diffusion flame. Appl Phys B 66(4):489

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Clemens NT (2002) Flow Imaging. In: Encyclopedia of imaging science and technology. Wiley

  • Dibble RW, Hollenbach RE (1981) Laser Rayleigh thermometry in turbulent flames. Proc Combust Inst 18(1):1489

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Dimotakis PE (2000) The mixing transition in turbulent flows. J Fluid Mech 409:69–98

    Article  MathSciNet  MATH  Google Scholar 

  • Dimotakis PE (2005) Turbulent mixing. Annu Rev Fluid Mech 37:329–356

    Article  MathSciNet  MATH  Google Scholar 

  • Eckbreth AC (1996) Laser diagnostics for combustion temperature and species. Gordon and Breach Publishers, Amsterdam

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Elliott G, Glumac N, Carter C (2001) Molecular filtered Rayleigh scattering applied to combustion. Meas Sci Technol 12(4):452

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Fernandes E, Ferrão P, Heitor M, Moreira A (1994) Velocity—temperature correlations in recirculating flames with and without swirl. Exp Thermal Fluid Sci 9(2):241–249

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Frank JH, Kaiser SA (2008) High-resolution imaging of dissipative structures in a turbulent jet flame with laser Rayleigh scattering. Exp Fluids 44(2):221–233

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Frank JH, Kaiser SA (2010) High-resolution imaging of turbulence structures in jet flames and non-reacting jets with laser Rayleigh scattering. Exp Fluids 49(4):823–837

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Garcia D (2010) Robust smoothing of gridded data in one and higher dimensions with missing values. Comput Stat Data Anal 54(4):1167–1178

    Article  MathSciNet  MATH  Google Scholar 

  • Goss LP, Trump DD, Roquemore WM (1988) Combined CARS/LDA instrument for simultaneous temperature and velocity measurements. Exp Fluids 6(3):189–198

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Goss LP, Trump DD, Lynn WF, Chen TH, Schmoll WJ, Roquemore WM (1989) Second-generation combined CARS-LDV instrument for simultaneous temperature and velocity measurements in combusting flows. Rev Sci Instrum 60(4):638–645

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Gould RD, Stevenson WH, Thompson HD (1994) Simultaneous velocity and temperature measurements in a premixed dump combustor. J Propul Power 10(5):639–645

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Heitor M, Taylor A, Whitelaw J (1985) Simultaneous velocity and temperature measurements in a premixed flame. Exp Fluids 3(6):323–339

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hoffman D, Münch KU, Leipertz A (1996) Two-dimensional temperature determination in sooting flames by filtered Rayleigh scattering. Opt Lett 21(7):525–527

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kaiser SA, Frank JH (2007) Imaging of dissipative structures in the near field of a turbulent non-premixed jet flame. Proc Combust Inst 31(1):1515–1523

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kaiser SA, Frank JH (2009) Spatial scales of extinction and dissipation in the near field of non-premixed turbulent jet flames. Proc Combust Inst 32(2):1639–1646

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Keane RD, Adrian RJ (1990) Optimization of particle image velocimeters. I. Double pulsed systems. Meas Sci Technol 1(11):1202–1215

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kearney SP, Schefer RW, Beresh SJ, Grasser TW (2005) Temperature imaging in nonpremixed flames by joint filtered Rayleigh and Raman scattering. Appl Opt 44(9):1548–1558

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kohse-Höinghaus K, Jeffries JB (2002) Applied combustion diagnostics. Taylor & Francis, New York

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Kohse-Höinghaus K, Barlow RS, Aldén M, Wolfrum J (2005) Combustion at the focus: laser diagnostics and control. Proc Combust Inst 30(1):89–123

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kojima J, Nguyen Q-V (2002) Laser pulse-stretching using multiple optical ring-cavities. Appl Opt 41:6360–6370

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Li Y, Gupta R (2002) Simultaneous measurement of absolute OH concentration, temperature and flow velocity in a flame by photothermal deflection spectroscopy. Appl Phys B 75(8):903–906

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • McManus TA, Sutton JA (2019) Quantitative planar temperature imaging in turbulent non-premixed flames using filtered rayleigh scattering. Appl Opt 58(11):2936–2947

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • McManus TA, Papageorge MJ, Fuest F, Sutton JA (2015) Spatio-temporal characteristics of temperature fluctuations in turbulent non-premixed jet flames. Proc Combust Inst 35:1191–1198

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • McManus TA, Monje IT, Sutton JA (2019) Experimental assessment of the Tenti S6 model for combustion-relevant gases and filtered Rayleigh scattering applications. Appl Phys B 125(1):13

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Meier W, Barlow RS, Chen YL, Chen JY (2000) Raman/Rayleigh/LIF measurements in a turbulent CH4/H2/N2 jet diffusion flame: experimental techniques and turbulence–chemistry interaction. Combust Flame 123(3):326–343

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Miles R, Forkey J, Lempert W (1992) Filtered Rayleigh scattering measurements in supersonic/hypersonic facilities. In: 28th joint propulsion conference and exhibit. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics

  • Most D, Leipertz A (2001) Simultaneous two-dimensional flow velocity and gas temperature measurements by use of a combined particle image velocimetry and filtered Rayleigh scattering technique. Appl Opt 40(30):5379–5387

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Most D, Dinkelacker F, Leipertz A (2002) Direct determination of the turbulent flux by simultaneous application of filtered rayleigh scattering thermometry and particle image velocimetry. Proc Combust Inst 29(2):2669–2677

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Papageorge MJ, McManus TA, Fuest F, Sutton JA (2014) Recent advances in high-speed planar Rayleigh scattering in turbulent jets and flames: increased record lengths, acquisition rates, and image quality. Appl Phys B 115(2):197–213

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Patton R, Sutton J (2013) Seed laser power effects on the spectral purity of Q-switched Nd:YAG lasers and the implications for filtered rayleigh scattering measurements. Appl Phys B 111(3):457–468

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Pope SB (2000) Turbulent Flows. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge

    Book  MATH  Google Scholar 

  • Schmidt BE, Sutton JA (2020) Improvements in the accuracy of wavelet-based optical flow velocimetry (wOFV) using an efficient and physically based implementation of velocity regularization. Exp Fluids 61:32

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Schmidt BE, Skiba AW, Hammack SD, Carter CD, Sutton JA (2020) High-resolution velocity measurements in turbulent premixed flames using wavelet-based optical flow velocimetry (wOFV). In: Proceedings of the combustion institute, vol 38

  • Sutton JA, Patton RA (2014) Improvements in filtered Rayleigh scattering measurements using Fabry–Perot etalons for spectral filtering of pulsed, 532-nm Nd:YAG output. Appl Phys B 116(3):681–698

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Tacina KM, Dahm WJ (2000) Effects of heat release on turbulent shear flows. Part 1. A general equivalence principle for non-buoyant flows and its application to turbulent jet flames. J Fluid Mech 415:23–44

    Article  MathSciNet  MATH  Google Scholar 

  • Tanaka H, Yanagi T (1983) Cross-correlation of velocity and temperature in a premixed turbulent flame. Combust Flame 51:183–191

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Tenti G, Boley CD, Desai RC (1974) On the kinetic model description of Rayleigh-Brillouin scattering from molecular gases. Can J Phys 52(4):285–290

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Tummers M, Van Veen E, George N, Rodink R, Hanjalić K (2004) Measurement of velocity-temperature correlations in a turbulent diffusion flame. Exp Fluids 37(3):364–374

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Wang G, Clemens N, Varghese P (2005) Two-point, high-repetition-rate Rayleigh thermometry in flames: techniques to correct for apparent dissipation induced by noise. Appl Opt 44(31):6741–6751

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Wang G, Karpetis AN, Barlow RS (2007) Dissipation length scales in turbulent nonpremixed jet flames. Combust Flame 148(1):62–75

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Wygnanski I, Fiedler H (1969) Some measurements in the self-preserving jet. J Fluid Mech 38(3):577–612

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Yanagi T, Mimura Y (1981) Velocity-temperature correlation in premixed flame. In: Proceedings of the combustion institute, vol 18, no 1, Elsevier, pp 1031–1039

  • Yoshida A, Tsuji H (1979) Measurements of fluctuating temperature and velocity in a turbulent premixed flame. In: Proceedings of the combustion institute, vol 17, no 1. Elsevier, pp 945–956

Download references

Acknowledgements

This work was partially funded by the National Science Foundation (CBET-1055960), Air Force Office of Scientific Research (FA9550-16-1-0366), and Department of Energy (DE-SC0019115). The authors also acknowledge Jonathan Frank and Robert Barlow of Sandia National Laboratories for making the piloted jet burner available.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA

    Thomas A. McManus & Jeffrey A. Sutton

Authors
  1. Thomas A. McManus
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Jeffrey A. Sutton
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Thomas A. McManus.

Additional information

Publisher's Note

Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

McManus, T.A., Sutton, J.A. Simultaneous 2D filtered Rayleigh scattering thermometry and stereoscopic particle image velocimetry measurements in turbulent non-premixed flames. Exp Fluids 61, 134 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00348-020-02973-z

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Revised:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00348-020-02973-z

Search

Navigation