Abstract
Suspended colloidal particles assemble into “bands” when subject to shear flow and a DC electric field over a range of conditions in combined Poiseuille and electroosmotic counterflow through microchannels. The initial stage in this process appears to be an accumulation stage, where particles are attracted to and concentrated near the channel wall. Spatially averaged grayscales and their standard deviation were calculated from evanescent-wave visualization images of band assembly to estimate the near-wall particle concentration and its local variations, respectively. The timescale for the accumulation stage was estimated from the standard deviation and used to scale physical time. The average grayscale appears to grow exponentially during the accumulation stage and exhibits self-similar exponential growth when normalized by its maximum value over a range of experimental parameters.
Graphic abstract
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Alexander B, Prieve D (1987) A hydrodynamic technique for measurement of colloidal forces. Langmuir 3:788–795. https://doi.org/10.1021/la00077a038
Bike SG, Lazarro L, Prieve DC (1995) Electrokinetic lift of a sphere moving in slow shear flow parallel to a wall: I Experiment. J Colloid Interface Sci 175:411–421. https://doi.org/10.1006/jcis.1995.1471
Cevheri N, Yoda M (2014a) Using shear and direct current electric fields to manipulate and self-assemble dielectric particles on microchannel walls. J Nanotechnol Eng Med 5:031009. https://doi.org/10.1115/1.4029628
Cevheri N, Yoda M (2014b) Electrokinetically driven reversible banding of colloidal particles near the wall. Lab Chip 14:1391–1394. https://doi.org/10.1039/C3LC51341F
Choudhary A, Renganathan T, Pushpavanam S (2019) Inertial migration of an electrophoretic rigid sphere in a two-dimensional Poiseuille flow. J Fluid Mech 874:856–890. https://doi.org/10.1017/jfm.2019.479
Hou X, Zhang YS, Trujillo-de Santiago G, Alvarez MM, Ribas J, Jonas SJ, Weiss PS, Andrews SM, Aizenberg J, Khademhosseini A (2017) Interplay between materials and microfluidics. Nat Rev Mater 2:17016. https://doi.org/10.1038/natrevmats.2017.16
Khair AS, Balu B (2019) The lift force on a charged sphere that translates and rotates in an electrolyte. Electrophoresis 40:2407–2414. https://doi.org/10.1002/elps.20190002
Kim YW, Yoo JY (2009) Axisymmetric flow focusing of particles in a single microchannel. Lab Chip 9:1043. https://doi.org/10.1039/b815286a
Lochab V, Yee A, Yoda M, Conlisk AT, Prakash S (2019) Dynamics of colloidal particles under combined pressure and electric potential gradients. Microfluid Nanofluidics 23:134. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10404-019-2304-0
Nilsson J, Evander M, Hammarström B, Laurell T (2009) Review of cell and particle trapping in microfluidic systems. Anal Chim Acta 649:141–157. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aca.2009.07.017
Prieve DC, Sides PJ, Wirth CL (2010) 2-D assembly of colloidal particles on a planar electrode. Curr Opin Colloid Interface Sci 15:160–174. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cocis.2010.01.005
Rossi M, Marin A, Cevheri N, Yoda M, Kähler CJ (2019) Particle distribution and velocity in electrokinetically-induced banding. Microfluid Nanofluidics 23:67. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10404-019-2227-9
Sajeesh P, Sen AK (2014) Particle separation and sorting in microfluidic devices: a review. Microfluid Nanofluid 17:1–52. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10404-013-1291-9
Schnitzer O, Yariv E (2016) Streaming-potential phenomena in the thin-Debye-layer limit. Part 3. Shear-induced electroviscous repulsion. J Fluid Mech 786:84–109. https://doi.org/10.1017/jfm.2015.647
Stauff J (1955) Perlschnurbildung von Emulsionen im elecktrischen Wechselfeld als Relaxationseffekt [English translation: Pearl string formation of emulsions in alternating electric field as relaxation effect]. Kolloid Z 143:162–171. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01519887
Trau M, Saville DA, Aksay IA (1996) Field-induced layering of colloidal crystals. Science 272:706–709. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.272.5262.706
Velev OD, Bhatt KH (2006) On-chip micromanipulation and assembly of colloidal particles by electric fields. Soft Matter 2:738–750. https://doi.org/10.1039/B605052B
Wu X, Warszynski P, van de Ven TGM (1996) Electrokinetic lift: observations and comparisons with theories. J Colloid Interface Sci 180:61–69. https://doi.org/10.1006/jcis.1996.0273
Yariv E (2006) ‘Force-free’ electrophoresis? Phys Fluids 18:031702. https://doi.org/10.1063/1.2185690
Yariv E, Schnitzer O, Frankel I (2011) Streaming-potential phenomena in the thin-Debye-layer limit. Part 1. General theory. J Fluid Mech 685:306–334. https://doi.org/10.1017/jfm.2011.316
Yee A, Yoda M (2018) Experimental observations of bands of suspended particles subject to shear flow and steady electric field. Microfluid Nanofluid 22:113. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10404-018-2136-3
Acknowledgements
This work was supported by the Mechanical Sciences Division of the U.S. Army Research Office (contract number W911NF-16-1-0278) and the Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (KAKENHI Grants 17H01246 and 17J06711, and the Program for Advancing Strategic International Networks to Accelerate the Circulation of Talented Researchers Grant R2801).
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Additional information
Publisher's Note
Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Yee, A., Onuki, H., Tagawa, Y. et al. Determining timescales for directed assembly of particles into bands by shear flow and electric fields. Exp Fluids 61, 133 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00348-020-02969-9
Received:
Revised:
Accepted:
Published:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00348-020-02969-9