Porous quasi-graphitic carbon sheets for unprecedented sodium storage

Yifan Liu; Siyan Liu; Ziyi Liu; Haoxiang Tian; Zexiao Li; Hua Su; Yuanxun Li; Nasir Mahmood; Xian Jian; Huakun Liu

doi:10.1039/D0QI00325E

Porous quasi-graphitic carbon sheets for unprecedented sodium storage†

Yifan Liu,‡^ab Siyan Liu,†^c Ziyi Liu,^a Haoxiang Tian,^a Zexiao Li,^a Hua Su,^d Yuanxun Li,^d Nasir Mahmood,

*^e Xian Jian

*^ab and Huakun Liu

^f

Author affiliations

* Corresponding authors

^a School of Materials and Energy, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
E-mail: jianxian@uestc.edu.cn

^b National Engineering Research Center of Electromagnetic Radiation Control Materials, State Key Laboratory of Electronic Thin Films and Integrated Devices, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610054, China

^c School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China

^d School of Electronic Science and Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China

^e School of Engineering, RMIT University, 124 La Trobe Street, 3001 Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
E-mail: nasir.mahmood@rmit.edu.au

^f Institute for Superconducting and Electronic Materials, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia

Abstract

The large size of sodium ions (Na⁺) restricts the choice of electrode materials; therefore, to realize low-cost energy storage systems, exceptional electrodes are required. Here, we have overcome this bottleneck by developing porous quasi-graphitic carbon (PGC) sheets at the surface of water-soluble KCl crystals as a green catalyst. The KCl crystals not only avoid the use of hazardous chemicals but also provide easy manipulation of the structural and surface chemistry of PGC sheets on a large-scale. The as-synthesized PGC sheets are enriched with micropores and amorphous reservoirs, which serve as mass transport channels and storage sites for Na⁺, respectively. Interestingly, when PGC sheets are employed as an anode in the sodium-ion battery, they showed an excellent reversible specific capacity of 237 mA h g⁻¹ with outstanding cyclic stability by retaining 83.5% capacity after 250 cycles at 0.1 A g⁻¹ at a capacity decay of 0.07% per cycle, while remaining stable up to 550 cycles when tested at 0.5 A g⁻¹. Thus, the simple synthesis and large-scale production of PGC with high sodium storage capacity make it a potential candidate for secondary ion batteries.

Inorganic Chemistry Frontiers

Porous quasi-graphitic carbon sheets for unprecedented sodium storage†

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