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A Greenhouse Study of Concrete Grinding Residue Influences on Seedling Emergence and Early Growth of Selected Prairie Species

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Abstract

Concrete grinding residue (CGR) is a byproduct of diamond grinding, a road surface maintenance technique. Direct deposition of CGR along roadsides may influence plant growth, which has not been fully studied. Particularly, systematic experiments of CGR effects on selected common prairie species growth under controlled environments are rarely reported. Thus, in this study, a greenhouse experiment was performed to determine CGR effects on seedling emergence and aboveground biomass for four roadside prairie species: Indian grass, Canada wild rye, partridge pea, and wild bergamot. Nicollet loam and Hanlon fine sandy loam were used, and CGR of 4 rates, 0, 2.24, 4.48, and 8.96 kg m−2, were applied in two ways, either mixed with the soil or applied on the soil surface. Multiple comparisons indicate that CGR produced mixed impacts on seedling emergence, depending on plant species, while aboveground biomass is not significantly influenced by CGR in general. ANOVA analysis with stepwise linear regression indicates that CGR had no uniform effects on seedling emergence, and CGR impacts should be studied for specific plant species and soil types. In conclusion, while CGR may lead to negative environmental issues on roadside plants depending on the plant species and soil types, if aboveground biomass is a major consideration, CGR effects are negligible. This study provides reference information for regulating CGR depositions along roadsides. Future studies may focus on investigating the relationship between CGR effects on seedling emergence and species succession in actual roadside environments.

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Acknowledgments

The authors thank the technical advisory panel (TAP) members from the MnDOT, the Federal Highway Administration (FHWA), and the Minnesota Pollution Control Agency.

Funding

This work was supported by the Minnesota Department of Transportation (MnDOT), the Minnesota Local Road Research Board (LRRB), Multi-State Project 4188, Iowa State University Department of Agronomy, the Hatch Act, and State of Iowa funds.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. School of Life Sciences, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 102488, China

    Chenyi Luo

  2. Adaptive Cropping System Laboratory, USDA-ARS, Beltsville, MD, 20705, USA

    Zhuangji Wang

  3. Department of Plant Science & Landscape Architecture, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, 20742, USA

    Zhuangji Wang

  4. Department of Plant Science, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, R3T 2N2, Canada

    Farnaz Kordbacheh

  5. Key Laboratory of Transport Industry of Road Structure and Material, Ministry of Transport, Research Institute of Highway, Beijing, 100088, China

    Shengting Li

  6. Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA

    Bora Cetin

  7. Department of Civil, Construction and Environmental Engineering and Program for Sustainable Pavement Engineering and Research (PROSPER) at Institute for Transportation (InTrans), Iowa State University, Ames, IA, 50011, USA

    Halil Ceylan

  8. Department of Agronomy, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, 50011, USA

    Robert Horton

Authors
  1. Chenyi Luo
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  2. Zhuangji Wang
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  3. Farnaz Kordbacheh
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  4. Shengting Li
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  5. Bora Cetin
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  6. Halil Ceylan
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Corresponding authors

Correspondence to Zhuangji Wang or Shengting Li.

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Core Ideas

(a) A greenhouse experiment was performed to study concrete grinding residue (CGR).

(b) CGR effects on seedling emergence and 60-day aboveground plant biomass were studied.

(c) The effects of CGR on seedling emergence depended on plant species.

(d) CGR produced no significant effects on 60-day aboveground plant biomass.

Appendix

Appendix

For reference, soil pH and EC in each pot were measured after the greenhouse experiment, and the results are included in this appendix. For the MIX treatments, one sample was prepared for each pot, while for the SUR treatments, the soil profile was divided horizontally into two layers of equal mass after the CGR portion was removed, and the upper and lower soil layers were sampled separately. pH and EC values were measured by 1:1 water extraction via a HI-4522 pH/EC meter (Hanna Instruments, Woonsocket, RI, USA). The measured results are presented in Fig. 1. DeSutter et al. (2011a) provided a comprehensive analysis of ion concentrations. However, in this study, it is sufficient to present pH and EC values, since K, Na, Mg, and Ca are the most abundant elements in CGR, and the concentrations of trace metals in CGR are relatively small.

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Luo, C., Wang, Z., Kordbacheh, F. et al. A Greenhouse Study of Concrete Grinding Residue Influences on Seedling Emergence and Early Growth of Selected Prairie Species. Water Air Soil Pollut 231, 253 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11270-020-04580-4

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