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Encapsulated SnSe in carbon nanofibers as anode of sodium ion batteries with improved properties

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Abstract

SnSe is commonly used as anode material for sodium ion batteries (SIBs) because of its high theoretical sodium storage capacity (780 mAh/g). However, low electrical conductivity and serious volume expansion during the processes of sodiation/desodiation lead to poor cyclic stability. In this paper, a new synthesis strategy based on electrospinning was developed for encapsulated SnSe nanoparticles in carbon nanofibers (CNFs) to improve the structural and cyclic stability. The significant feature of this method is that selenium (Se) powder is directly added into electrospinning solution during annealing treatment to form SnSe nanoparticles encapsulated in CNFs instead of using Se powder during the thermal treatment process. SnSe carbon nanofibers-1 (SnSe@CNFs-1) anode material exhibits the discharge capacities of 326 mAh/g at 0.1 A/g after 100 cycles and 249.4 mAh/g at 1 A/g after 900 cycles at room temperature (25 °C). It still exhibits stable electrochemical performance at low temperature (0 °C) after 100 cycles of 267 mAh/g at 0.1 A/g. This design not only improves the rate of electron transmission but also prevents SnSe nanoparticles from agglomerating and buffering the large volume changes of electrode material during sodiation/desodiation processes. This strategy also helps to alleviate pulverization of anode material during the recycling process and improve the cycle stability.

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Funding

This study has been supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grants 51772082, 51804106, and 51574117), China Postdoctoral Science Foundation (2017M610495, 2018T110822), Natural Science Foundation of Hunan Province (2019JJ30002, 2019JJ50061), and the Research Projects of Degree and Graduate Education Teaching Reformation in Hunan Province (JG2018B031).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Key Laboratory for Micro/Nano Optoelectronic Devices of Ministry of Education & Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Low-Dimensional Structural Physics & Devices, School of Physics and Electronics, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, China

    Xiaoqian Zhou, Shuangshuang Ding, Hongcheng He, Mengqiu Cai, Yong Cai & Ming Zhang

  2. College of Electrical Engineering & New Energy, Three Gorges University, Yichang, 443002, China

    Zhao Huang

  3. Synergetic Innovation Center for Quantum Effects and Applications (SICQEA), Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410081, China

    Mengqiu Cai

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  1. Xiaoqian Zhou
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  2. Shuangshuang Ding
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  3. Hongcheng He
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  4. Zhao Huang
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Correspondence to Yong Cai or Ming Zhang.

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Zhou, X., Ding, S., He, H. et al. Encapsulated SnSe in carbon nanofibers as anode of sodium ion batteries with improved properties. Ionics 26, 3937–3946 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11581-019-03382-x

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