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A Fully Reversible Data Hiding Scheme in Encrypted Images Based on Homomorphic Encryption and Pixel Prediction

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Abstract

Reversible data hiding in encrypted images (RDHEI) is a widely used technique for privacy protection, which has been developed in many applications that require high confidentiality, authentication and integrity. Proposed RDHEI methods do not allow high embedding rate while ensuring losslessly recover the original image. Moreover, embedding computational complexity and embedding rate are not satisfactory when using public key encryption-based methods. This paper proposes a new fully reversible method based on Paillier homomorphic cryptosystem and pixel prediction. We use gradient adjust prediction to obtain redundant space in the original image and embed secret information with homomorphic operation after encryption. Experimental results show that our scheme can achieve high capacity (near 0.95 bpp) and can losslessly recover the original images with peak signal to noise ratio of +∞ and structural similarity of 1. Compared with proposed reversible data hiding algorithms, our scheme has a significant improvement in reconstructing quality, safety and capacity.

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Acknowledgements

This work was supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China (No. 2016YFB0800404) and the NSF of China (U1836108, U1636112, U1636212).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. School of Cyberspace Security, Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Beijing, China

    Jianyi Liu, Kaifeng Zhao & Ru Zhang

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  1. Jianyi Liu
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  2. Kaifeng Zhao
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  3. Ru Zhang
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Correspondence to Kaifeng Zhao.

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Liu, J., Zhao, K. & Zhang, R. A Fully Reversible Data Hiding Scheme in Encrypted Images Based on Homomorphic Encryption and Pixel Prediction. Circuits Syst Signal Process 39, 3532–3552 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00034-019-01321-9

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