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Sedimentology of Shahejie Formation, Bohai Bay Basin: a case study of Es1 member in Nanpu Sag

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Abstract

The Es1 sandstone is a fruitful hydrocarbon zone of Eocene Shahejie Formation. Therefore, the present study comprises the subsurface facies analysis established on the description of seven wells. Methods include core observation, thin section petrography, scanning electron microscope (SEM), cathodoluminescence (CL), and X-ray diffraction to evaluate the microfacies, lithofacies, and rock characteristics. Two microfacies of lithofacies have been established as sandstone microfacies and mudstone microfacies on the basis of grain size. Among them, sandstone is further divided into four sub-microfacies on the basis of microscopic studies, rock fragments and mineral composition, which are arkose sandstone, lithic arkose, feldspathic litharenite, and litharenite. These microfacies consisting quartz, feldspar as abundant detrital grains followed by rock fragments and micas, whereas calcite, ferro-calcite, quartz overgrowth, and clay are the main cement. The Es1 sandstone consists of good primary porosity and permeability as well as good secondary porosity caused by fracturing and dissolution of unstable minerals that enhance the reservoir quality. Whereas cementation and compaction reduce the reservoir characteristics. Studied formation divided into five lithofacies including conglomerate sandstone lithofacies, medium to coarse-grain sandstone lithofacies, fine sandstone lithofacies, siltstone lithofacies, and mudstone lithofacies. Core observation, sedimentary structures, facies sequences of the well log, and sedimentary composition reveal that Es1 deposited into the lacustrine delta fan depositional environment. Rock grain size indicates that Es1 contains mixtures of grains including pebbles, sand-size as well as minor silt and clay size. Grain size varies from conglomerate to clay size. The Es1 sandstone was deposited in braided river (conglomerates sandstone), channel bar, lacustrine, fluvial channel (massive bedding, cross-bedding, and graded bedding sandstone), deltaic, and flood-plain (siltstone and mudstone) sedimentary environment. It is concluded that higher transport energies in channels deposited coarse-grain sediments in shallowest part of the lake setting. However, the energy decreases towards greater depth which deposited mudstone in central part of the lake.

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Acknowledgements

Muhammad Kashif would like to thank, China scholarship council (CSC) China for granting me a full scholarship (2015–2018) to carry out the research. This study was funded by the Natural Science Foundation of China Project (No. 41602138), National Science and Technology Special Grant (No. 2016ZX05006-007), China Postdoctoral Science Foundation-funded project (2015M580617; 2017T100524). The anonymous reviewers are sincerely acknowledged for their helpful comments and suggestions on an earlier version of this manuscript.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. School of Geosciences, China University of Petroleum, Qingdao, 266580, China

    Muhammad Kashif, Yingchang Cao, Guanghui Yuan, Kamran Shehzad & Ghulam Mustafa

  2. Department of Earth Sciences, University of Sargodha, Sargodha, 40100, Pakistan

    Muhammad Kashif, Faisal Rehman & Muhammad Fahad Ullah

  3. Institute of Geology, University of the Punjab, Lahore, 54590, Pakistan

    Muhammad Asif

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  1. Muhammad Kashif
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Kashif, M., Cao, Y., Yuan, G. et al. Sedimentology of Shahejie Formation, Bohai Bay Basin: a case study of Es1 member in Nanpu Sag. Carbonates Evaporites 35, 52 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s13146-020-00579-4

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