Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Bottom-up effect: a rodent outbreak following the bamboo blooming in a Neotropical rainforest

  • Original Paper
  • Published:
Mammal Research Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Variation in primary productivity has been described for an extensive range of natural systems and may lead to remarkable bottom-up effects on consumer communities at higher trophic levels. During a standardized sampling of the small mammal assemblage in the Reserva Florestal Morro Grande, SP, Brazil, we documented a bamboo blooming followed by an increase in abundance of small mammals. Here we described the effects of this blooming of the assemblage of small mammals and evaluated if (i) the abundance of frugi-/granivore species is affected more strongly than the abundance of insect-/omnivore species and (ii) due to the massive food availability in the habitat (bamboo seeds), body mass index of one of the affected species, the rodent Euryoryzomys russatus, will increase after the bamboo blooming. Although some species became more abundant, the difference was not related to species diet. We did find a significant increase in the body weight of Euryoryzomys russatus after the bamboo blooming. We emphasize that an infrequent and poorly known event like bamboo blooming can have a major impact on rodent population dynamics, regardless of the species diet, increasing abundance, and weight bottom-up controlled by the massive availability of food resources.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  • Agrell J, Erlinge S, Nelson J, Sandell M (1992) Body weight and population dynamics: cyclic demography in a noncyclic population of the field vole (Microtus agrestis). Can J Zool 70:494–501

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Anderson DR (2008) Model based inference in the life sciences. Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-0-387-74075-1

  • Anderson WB, Wait DA, Stapp P (2008) Resources from another place and time: responses to pulses in a spatially subsidized system. Ecology 89:660–670

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Areta JI, Cockle KL (2012) A theoretical framework for understanding the ecology and conservation of bamboo-specialist birds. J Ornithol 153:163–170

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Banks-Leite C, Pardini R, Boscolo D, Cassano CR, Püttker T, Barros CS, Barlow J (2014) Assessing the utility of statistical adjustments for imperfect detection in tropical conservation science. J Appl Ecol 51:849–859. https://doi.org/10.1111/1365-2664.12272

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Barros CS, Puttker T, Pinotti BT, Pardini R (2015) Determinants of capture-recapture success: an evaluation of trapping methods to estimate population and community parameters for Atlantic forest small mammals. Zoologia (Curitiba, Impresso) 32:334–344. https://doi.org/10.1590/S1984-46702015000500002

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Barton K (2019) MuMIn: Multi-Model Inference. R package version 1.43.6. https://CRAN.R-project.org/package=MuMIn

  • Bergallo HG, Magnusson WE (2002) Effects of weather and food availability on the condition and growth of two species of rodents in southeastern Brazil. Mammalia 66:17–31. https://doi.org/10.1515/mamm.2002.66.1.17

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bonecker ST, Portugal LG, Costa-Neto SF, Gentile R (2009) A long term study of small mammal populations in a Brazilian agricultural landscape. Mamm Biol 74:469–479. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mambio.2009.05.010

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bovendorp RS (2013) História natural e ecologia de duas espécies de roedores simpátricas da tribo Oryzomyini (Cricetidae: Sigmodontinae) na Floresta Atlântica., Escola Superior de Agricultura “Luiz de Queiroz”. Universidade de São Paulo

  • Bovendorp RS, Libardi GSE, Sarmento MM, Camargo PB, Percequillo AR (2017a) Age and habitat quality matters: isotopic variation of two sympatric species of rodents in Neotropical Forest. Hystrix 28. https://doi.org/10.4404/hystrix-28.2-12521

  • Bovendorp RS, McCleery RA, Galetti M (2017b) Optimising sampling methods for small mammal communities in Neotropical rainforests. Mammal Rev 47:148–158. https://doi.org/10.1111/mam.12088

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Burnham KP, Anderson DR (2002) Model selection and multimodel inference. A practical information - theoretical approach. Spinger, New York

    Google Scholar 

  • Camargo NF, Ribeiro JF, de Camargo AJA, Vieira EM (2014) Intra- and inter-individual variation show distinct trends as drivers of seasonal changes in the resource use of a neotropical marsupial. Biol J Linn Soc 111:737–747. https://doi.org/10.1111/bij.12258

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Campos H (1986) Mamíferos Terrestres de Chile. Colección Naturaleza de Chile, Valdivia

    Google Scholar 

  • Chauhan N, Saxena R (1986) Phenomenon of bamboo flowering and associated increase in rodent population in Mizoram. J Bombay Nat Hist Soc

  • de Vivar G (1987) De Crónica Y Relación Copiosa Y Verdadera de Los Reinos de Chile. Santiago, Chile

  • Delany M (1986) Ecology of small rodents in Africa. Mammal Rev 16:1–41

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Delciellos AC, Aguieiras M, Geise L, Weksler M, Rocha-Barbosa O (2015) First record of Drymoreomys albimaculatus Percequillo, Weksler & Costa, 2011 (Rodentia, Cricetidae, Sigmodontinae) in Rio de Janeiro state, Brazil. Check List 11:1572

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Díaz M, Alonso CL (2003) Wood mouse Apodemus sylvaticus winter food supply: density, condition, breeding, and parasites. Ecology 84:2680–2691

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Douangboupha B, Aplin KP, Singleton GR (2003) Rodent outbreaks in the uplands of Laos: analysis of historical patterns and the identity of nuu khii. In: Singleton GR, Hinds LA, Krebs CJ, Spratt DM (eds) Rats, mice and people: rodent biology and management. ACIAR Monograph Series, Australian Centre for International Agricultural Research, Canberra, Australia, pp 103-111

  • Ernest SKM (2005) Body size, energy use, and community structure of small mammals. Ecology 86:1407–1413

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ernest SKM, Brown JH, Parmenter RR (2000) Rodents, plants, and precipitation: spatial and temporal dynamics of consumers and resources. Oikos 88:470–482. https://doi.org/10.1034/j.1600-0706.2000.880302.x

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ferraz DK (2004) Ecologia de populações de Lytocaryum hoehnei (Burret) Toledo (Arecaceae) na Reserva Florestal do Morro Grande, Cotia, SP. Doctorate, Universidade Estadual de campinas

  • Galetti M, Rodarte RR, Neves CL, Moreira M, Costa-Pereira R (2016) Trophic niche differentiation in rodents and marsupials revealed by stable isotopes. PLoS One 11:e0152494. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0152494

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Galiano D, Kubiak BB, Marinho JR, de Freitas TRO (2013) Population dynamics of Akodon montensis and Oligoryzomys nigripes in an Araucaria forest of southern Brazil. Mammalia 77:173–179. https://doi.org/10.1515/mammalia-2011-0128

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Gallardo MH, Mercado CL (1999) Mast seeding of bamboo shrubs and mouse outbreaks in southern Chile. Mastozoola Neotrop 6:103–111

    Google Scholar 

  • Gentile R, D'Andrea PS, Cerqueira R, Maroja LS (2000) Population dynamics and reproduction of marsupials and rodents in a Brazilian rural area: a five-year study. Stud Neotropical Fauna Environ 35:1–9

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Gentile R, Finotti R, Rademaker V, Cerqueira R (2004) Population dynamics of four marsupials and its relation to resource production in the Atlantic forest in southeastern Brazil. Mammalia 68:109–119

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Gilbert B, Krebs C (1981) Effects of extra food on Peromyscus and Clethrionomys populations in the southern Yukon. Oecologia 51:326–331

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Giovannoni M, Vellozo LGC, Kubiak GVL (1946) Sobre as ‘ratadas’ do primeiro planalto paranaense. Braz Arch Biol Technol 1:185–1895

    Google Scholar 

  • Guerreiro C (2014) Flowering cycles of woody bamboos native to southern South America. J Plant Res 127:307–313. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10265-013-0593-z

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Guilherme FAG, Ressel K (2001) Biologia floral e sistema de reprodução de Merostachys riedeliana (Poaceae: Bambusoideae). Rev Bras Bot 24:205–2011. https://doi.org/10.1590/S0100-84042001000200011

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Gunckel H (1948) La floración de la quila y del colihue en la Araucanía. Cienc Invest 4:91–95

    Google Scholar 

  • Gurovich Y, Stannard HJ, Old JM (2015) The presence of the marsupial Dromiciops gliroides in Parque Nacional Los Alerces, Chubut, southern Argentina, after the synchronous maturation and flowering of native bamboo and subsequent rodent irruption. Rev Chil Hist Nat 88:17

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hershkovitz P (1962) Evolution of neotropical cricetine rodents (Muridae), with special reference to the Phyllotine group. Fieldiana Zool 46:1–524

    Google Scholar 

  • Holmgren M, Stapp P, Dickman CR, Gracia C, Graham S, Gutiérrez JR, Hice C, Jaksic F, Kelt DA, Letnic M, Lima M, López BC, Meserve PL, Milstead WB, Polis GA, Previtali MA, Richter M, Sabaté S, Squeo FA (2006) Extreme climatic events shape arid and semiarid ecosystems. Front Ecol Environ 4:87–95

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Holt RD (2008) Theoretical perspectives on resource pulses. Ecology 89:671–681

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • INPE INDPE (2020) Centro de previsão de tempo e estudos climáticos. http://satelite.cptec.inpe.br/home/index.jsp?i=br. 2020

  • Jaksic FM (2004) El Nino effects on avian ecology: lessons learned from the southeastern Pacific. Ornitol Neotrop 15:61–72

    Google Scholar 

  • Jaksic FM, Lima M (2003) Myths and facts on ratadas: bamboo blooms, rainfall peaks and rodent outbreaks in South America. Austral Ecol 28:237–251

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Janzen DH (1976) Why bamboos wait so long to flower. Annu Rev Ecol Syst vol 7:347–391

  • Kajin M, Cerqueira R, Vieira MV, Gentile R (2008) Nine-year demography of the black-eared opossum Didelphis aurita (Didelphimorphia : Didelphidae) using life tables. Rev Bras Zool 25:206–213

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Keeley JE, Bond WJ (1999) Mast flowering and semelparity in bamboos: the bamboo fire cycle hypothesis. Am Nat 154:383–391

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Koeppen W (1948) Climatologia: con un estudio de los climas de la tierra

  • Levi T, Kilpatrick AM, Barfield M, Holt RD, Mangel M, Wilmers CC (2015) Threshold levels of generalist predation determine consumer response to resource pulses. Oikos 124:1436–1443

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Lima M, Julliard R, Stenseth NC, Jaksic FM (2001) Demographic dynamics of a neotropical small rodent (Phyllotis darwini): feedback structure, predation and climatic factors. J Anim Ecol 70:761–775

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Lima M, Stenseth NC, Jaksic FM (2002a) Food web structure and climate effectson the dynamics of small mammals and owls in semi-arid Chile. Ecol Lett 5:273–284

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Lima M, Stenseth NC, Jaksic FM (2002b) Population dynamics of a South American rodent: seasonal structure interacting with climate, density dependence and predator effects. Proc R Soc B Biol Sci 269:2579–2586. https://doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2002.2142

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Loyola RD, Lemes P, Faleiro FV, Trindade-Filho J, Machado RB (2012) Severe loss of suitable climatic conditions for marsupial species in Brazil: challenges and opportunities for conservation. PLoS One 7:e46257. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0046257

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Mann G (1978) Los pequeños mamíferos de Chile (marsupiales, quirópteros, edentados y roedores). Gayana Zool:1–342

  • Martins EG, Araujo MS, Bonato V, dos Reis SF (2008) Sex and season affect individual-level diet variation in the neotropical marsupial Gracilinanus microtarsus (Didelphidae). Biotropica 40:132–135

    Google Scholar 

  • Meserve PL, Milstead WB, Gutiérrez JR (2001) Results of a food addition experiment in a north-central Chile small mammal assemblage: evidence for the role of “bottom-up” factors. Oikos 94:548–556

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Metzger JP et al (2006) Características ecológicas e implicações para a conservação da Reserva Florestal do Morro Grande. Biota Neotrop 6:1–13

    Google Scholar 

  • Ministério do Meio Ambiente (2000) Avaliação e ações prioritárias para a conservação da biodiversidade da Mata Atlântica e Campos Sulinos. MMA/SBF, Brasília

    Google Scholar 

  • Murúa R, González LA, González M, Jofré C (1996) Efectos del florecimiento del arbusto Chusquea quila Kunth (Poaceae) sobre la demografía de poblaciones de roedores de los bosques templados frios del sur Chileno. Bol Soce Biol Concepc 67:37–42

    Google Scholar 

  • Myers N, Mittermeier RA, Mittermeier CG, da Fonseca GA, Kent J (2000) Biodiversity hotspots for conservation priorities. Nature 403:853–858. https://doi.org/10.1038/35002501

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Numata M (1970) Conservational implications of bamboo flowering and death in Japan. Biol Conserv 2:227–229

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ojeda V, Chazarreta L (2018) Effects of episodic bamboo mast seeding on top predators in the southern Andes. Austral Ecol 43:719–729. https://doi.org/10.1111/aec.12618

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Oliveira SVD, Folster I, Zeccer S, Fonseca L, Pereira SC, Caldas EPD (2014) Investigação de ratada associada a florescimento e frutificação de taquaras em São Francisco do Sul, Santa Catarina, Brasil, 2012. Revista Baiana de Saúde Pública 37:1071

    Google Scholar 

  • Olmos F (1991) Observations on the behavior and population-dynamics of some Brazilian Atlantic forest rodents. Mammalia 55:555–565. https://doi.org/10.1515/mamm.1991.55.4.555

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Olmos F (1996) Station or deception?: mast-seeding Chusquea bamboos, birds and rats in the Atlantic forest. Rev Bras Biol 56:391–401

    Google Scholar 

  • Ostfeld RS, Keesing F (2000) Pulsed resources and community dynamics of consumers in terrestrial ecosystems. Trends Ecol Evol 15:232–237. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0169-5347(00)01862-0

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Paglia AP et al (2012) Lista anotada dos mamiferos do Brasil / Annotated checklist of Brazilian mammals. Occas Pap Conserv Int 6:1–76

    Google Scholar 

  • Pardini R, Umetsu F (2006) Pequenos mamíferos não-voadores da Reserva Florestal do Morro Grande: distribuição das espécies e da diversidade em uma área de Mata Atlântica. Biota Neotrop 6:1–22

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Pardini R, Bueno Ade A, Gardner TA, Prado PI, Metzger JP (2010) Beyond the fragmentation threshold hypothesis: regime shifts in biodiversity across fragmented landscapes. PLoS One 5:e13666. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0013666

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Percequillo AR, Weksler M, Costa LP (2011) A new genus and species of rodent from the Brazilian Atlantic Forest (Rodentia: Cricetidae: Sigmodontinae: Oryzomyini), with comments on oryzomyine biogeography. Zool J Linnean Soc 161:357–390. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1096-3642.2010.00643.x

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Pereira C (1941) Sobre as “ratadas” no sul do Brasil e o ciclo vegetativo das taquaras. Arquivos do Instituto de Biologia de São Paulo 12:175–195

    Google Scholar 

  • Philippi RA, Landbeck L (1858) Beschreibung einiger neuen chilenischen Mäuse. Archiv für Naturgeschichte 24:77–82

    Google Scholar 

  • Pinotti BT, Naxara L, Pardini R (2011) Diet and food selection by small mammals in an old-growth Atlantic forest of south-eastern Brazil. Stud Neotropical Fauna Environ 46:1–9. https://doi.org/10.1080/01650521.2010.535250

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Prevedello JA, Dickman CR, Vieira MV, Vieira EM (2013) Population responses of small mammals to food supply and predators: a global meta-analysis. J Anim Ecol 82:927–936. https://doi.org/10.1111/1365-2656.12072

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Prevedello JA, Vieira MV, Vieira EM, Dickman CR (2017) The importance of food supply in high-productivity ecosystems: short-term experimental tests with small rodents. Austral Ecol 42:176–186

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Quental TB, Fernandez FAD, Dias ATC, Rocha FS (2001) Population dynamics of the marsupial Micoureus demerarae in small fragments of Atlantic Coastal Forest in Brazil. J Trop Ecol 17:339–352

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • R Core Team (2019) R: a language and environment for statistical computing. Vienna, Austria: R Foundation for Statistical Computing. Retrived from http://www.R-project.org/

  • Rakotomanana R (1966) Peut-on prevoir les invasions de rats. Terre Malgache Tananarive 1:239–253

    Google Scholar 

  • Redford KH, Eisenberg JF (1992) Mammals of the Neotropics. Vol. 2. The Southern Cone: Chile, Argentina, Uruguay, Paraguay. University Chicago Press, Chicago

    Google Scholar 

  • Reichman O, Van De Graaff KM (1975) Association between ingestion of green vegetation and desert rodent reproduction. J Mammal 56:503–506

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Sage RD, Pearson OP, Sanguinetti J, Pearson AK (2007) Ratada 2001: a rodent outbreak following the flowering of bamboo (Chusquea culeou) in southern Argentina. In: Kelt DA, Lessa EP, Patton JL, Salazar-Bravo J (eds) The quintessential naturalist: honoring the life and legacy of Oliver P. Pearson, vol 134. University of California Publications in Zoology, Berkeley - Los Angeles - London, pp 177-224

  • Schulte-Hostedde AI, Zinner B, Millar JS, Hickling GJ (2005) Restitution of mass–size residuals: validating body condition indices. Ecology 86:155–163

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Seal SC, Ghosal SC, Bose PN (1951) Notes on the bamboo flowering, migration of rats and their unusual mortality in certain districts of North Assam. Calcutta J Med 48:149–155

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Sikes RS (2016) Guidelines of the American Society of Mammalogists for the use of wild mammals in research and education. J Mammal 97:663–688. https://doi.org/10.1093/jmammal/gyw078

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Singleton G, Belmain S, Brown P, Hardy B (2010) Rodent Outbreaks. Ecology and impacts, vol 1. International Rice Research Institute, Los Baños (Philippines)

  • Tanaka R (1956) Fluctuation in vole populations following the widespread synchronous flowering of bamboo-grasses on Mt. turugi. Bull Kochi Women’s Coll 4:61–68

    Google Scholar 

  • Tanaka R (1957) An ecological review of small-mammal outbreaks with special reference to their association with the flowering of bamboo grasses. Bull Kochi Women’s Coll 5:20–30

    Google Scholar 

  • Taylor K, Green M (1976) The influence of rainfall on diet and reproduction in four African rodent species. J Zool 180:367–389

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Umetsu F, Naxara L, Pardini R (2006) Evaluating the efficiency of pitfall traps for sampling small mammals in the neotropics. J Mammal 87:757–765. https://doi.org/10.1644/05-Mamm-a-285r2.1

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Venables W, Ripley B (2002) Modern applied statistics with S. statistics and computing, 4th edn. Springer, Verlag, New York. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-0-387-21706-2

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Witmer G, Proulx G (2010) Rodent outbreaks in North America. Rodent outbreaks: ecology and impacts 253

  • Yang LH, Bastow JL, Spence KO, Wright AN (2008) What can we learn from resource pulses. Ecology 89:621–634

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Young HS, McCauley DJ, Dirzo R, Goheen JR, Agwanda B, Brook C, Otárola-Castillo E, Ferguson AW, Kinyua SN, McDonough MM, Palmer TM, Pringle RM, Young TP, Helgen KM (2015) Context-dependent effects of large-wildlife declines on small-mammal communities in central Kenya. Ecol Appl 25:348–360. https://doi.org/10.1890/14-0995.1

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgments

We thank José Roberto Nali and SABESP for endorsing the research on Morro Grande Reserve. We thank T.K. Martins, T.R.D. Reis, N. da Câmara Pinheiro, M. Coelho, E.J. Feragi, G.S. Libardi, and all other field assistants for invaluable help during fieldwork. We are especially indebted to Dr. Teo Beckers for his comments and Renata Pardini and Thomas Püttker for allowing us to join their sampling effort on Morro Grande, for logistical and technical support, and for the careful and detailed reviews on earlier versions of the manuscript.

Funding

We are grateful to BMBF Germany (German Federal Ministry of Education and Research, 01 LB 0202), Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq, productivity scholarship granted to ARP, 304156/2019-1), and Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo - FAPESP (05/56555-4, 09/16009-1) for funding our research. RSB received Fellowship DD (2008/55483-8) BEPE (2011/121152-8) from FAPESP. NMH receive post-doctoral Fellowship from Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES).

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Laboratório de Ecologia Aplicada à Conservação, Universidade Estadual de Santa Cruz, Rodovia Jorge Amado, km 16, Salobrinho, Ilhéus, BA, 45662-900, Brazil

    Ricardo Siqueira Bovendorp & Neander Marcel Heming

  2. Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Laboratório de Zoologia de Vertebrados, Escola Superior de Agricultura “Luiz de Queiroz”, Universidade de São Paulo, Av: Pádua Dias, 11, Cx. Postal 09, Piracicaba, SP, 13418-900, Brazil

    Ricardo Siqueira Bovendorp & Alexandre Reis Percequillo

Authors
  1. Ricardo Siqueira Bovendorp
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Neander Marcel Heming
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Alexandre Reis Percequillo
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Ricardo Siqueira Bovendorp.

Ethics declarations

Conflict of interests

The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.

Additional information

Publisher’s note

Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.

Electronic supplementary material

ESM 1

(DOCX 123 kb)

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Bovendorp, R.S., Heming, N.M. & Percequillo, A.R. Bottom-up effect: a rodent outbreak following the bamboo blooming in a Neotropical rainforest. Mamm Res 65, 535–543 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s13364-020-00505-y

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s13364-020-00505-y

Keywords

Search

Navigation