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Germination ecology of hairy fleabane (Conyza bonariensis) and its implications for weed management

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  16 April 2020

Deepak Loura ,
Sahil ,
Singarayer Florentine  and
Bhagirath Singh Chauhan Open the ORCID record for Bhagirath Singh Chauhan [Opens in a new window]
Deepak Loura
Affiliation:
Master’s Scholar, Chaudhary Charan Singh Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar, Haryana, India; past: Intern, Centre for Crop Science, Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation, University of Queensland, Gatton, Queensland, Australia
Sahil
Affiliation:
Bachelor of Science Scholar, Mata Gujri College, Punjabi University of Patiala, Fatehgarh Sahib, Punjab India; current: Intern, Centre for Crop Science, Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation, University of Queensland, Gatton, Queensland, Australia
Singarayer Florentine
Affiliation:
Professor, Centre for Environmental Management, School of Life and Health Sciences, Federation University Australia, Mount Helen, Victoria, Australia
Bhagirath Singh Chauhan*
Affiliation:
Principal Research Fellow, Centre for Crop Science, Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation and School of Agriculture and Food Sciences, University of Queensland, Gatton, Queensland, Australia
*
Author for correspondence: Bhagirath S. Chauhan, Centre for Crop Science, Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation (QAAFI) and School of Agriculture and Food Sciences (SAFS), University of Queensland, Gatton, QLD4343, Australia. (Email: b.chauhan@uq.edu.au)
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Abstract

Hairy fleabane [Conyza bonariensis (L.) Cronquist] is a problematic weed in Australian no-till cropping systems. Consequently, a study was conducted to examine the effect of temperature, light, salt stress, osmotic stress, burial depth, and sorghum crop residue on germination and emergence in two populations (C and W: collected from chick pea [Cicer arietinum L.] and wheat [Triticum aestivum L.] fields, respectively) of C. bonariensis. Both populations were able to germinate over a wide range of alternating day/night temperatures (15/5 to 35/25 C); however, the C population had optimum (and similar) germination over the range of 20/10 and 30/20 C, while the W population showed maximum germination at 25/15 C. A negative relationship was observed between osmotic potential and germination, with 31% and 14% germination of the C and W populations at −0.6 MPa, respectively. These observations suggest that population C was more tolerant to higher osmotic potentials than population W. Seeds of both populations germinated when exposed to a wide range of sodium chloride levels (NaCl, 0 to 200 mM); however, beyond 200 mM NaCl, no germination was observed in either population. Maximum germination of the C (70%) and W (41%) populations was observed on the soil surface with no emergence from a burial depth of 1 cm. The application of sorghum residue at an amount of 6,000 kg ha−1 reduced emergence of the C and W populations by 55% and 58%, respectively, compared with the no-residue treatment. Knowledge gained from this study suggests that the following strategies could be used for more efficacious management of C. bonariensis: (1) a shallow-tillage operation to bury weed seeds in conventional tillage systems, and (2) retention of sorghum residue on the soil surface in no-till systems.

Keywords

Burial depthemergencelightseedsorghum residuetemperatureweed ecology
Type
Research Article
Information
Weed Science , Volume 68 , Issue 4 , July 2020 , pp. 411 - 417
Copyright
© Weed Science Society of America, 2020

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Footnotes

Associate Editor: Chenxi Wu, Bayer U.S. – Crop Science

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