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Development of micro/nanostructured-Cu-TiO2-nanocomposite surfaces to improve pool boiling heat transfer performance

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Abstract

In the current study, a new single-step forced electrodeposition method is proposed for the fabrication of intended micro/nanostructured surfaces. In this method, high thermal conductive Cu-TiO2 nanoparticles (10 nm to 20 nm) are deposited on copper sample with higher current density followed by sintering at reducing atmosphere. Initially, the nanoparticles are deposited uniformly on the copper sample by employing single-step forced convection electrodeposition. Finally, a single-step sintering is employed to enhance the adhesion of the coated layer with the copper sample. During sintering (annealing), the growth in nano-grains is occurred which enhances the inter-connectivity between the grains and also between the grains and base copper surface. The coating thickness (19 to 42 μm), porosity (43 to 75%), wettability (65° to 38°), and roughness (0.38 to 1.32 μm) of the developed surfaces are increased with increase in current density during the electrodeposition. The electrodeposition is a simple and cost effective method and able to provide more dense and stable surfaces. After the surface characterization, their heat transfer performances are analyzed through pool boiling experiments. The maximum percentage reduction in boiling incipience temperature, maximum percent augmentation in critical heat flux and boiling heat transfer coefficient on coated surfaces are 66.7%, 95.71%, and 317%, respectively. Five repeated experimentations are performed at a period of 21 h. The highest variations of ±8.6% in CHF and ± 2.1 °C in wall temperature are observed. Heat transfer enhancement mechanism and effects of various parameters on pool boiling are discussed. The present outcomes are also compared with the published outcomes.

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Abbreviations

A cs :

cross-sectional area of heating surface, m2.

h :

heat transfer coefficient, kW/m2K.

I :

current, A.

k :

Thermal conductivity, W/mK.

q":

heat flux, kW/m2.

T f :

working fluid temperature, K.

T s :

heating surface temperature, K.

∆T :

wall superheat temperature, K.

V :

voltage, V.

∆x :

vertical distance between two thermocouples position.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Mechanical Engineering, GMR Institute of Technology, Rajam, Andhra Pradesh, 532127, India

    Sanjay Kumar Gupta

  2. Department of Mechanical Engineering, National Institute of Technology, Silchar, Assam, 788010, India

    Sanjay Kumar Gupta & Rahul Dev Misra

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  1. Sanjay Kumar Gupta
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Correspondence to Sanjay Kumar Gupta.

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Highlights

• A new single-step forced convection electrodeposition method is proposed

• The nanocomposite coated micro-nanostructured surfaces are developed

• NBHTC and CHF of coated surface are increased up to 317% times and 97%

• The proposed technique provides dense smaller sized pores with better adhesiveness

• Effect of various parameters on pool boiling is also investigated

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Gupta, S.K., Misra, R.D. Development of micro/nanostructured-Cu-TiO2-nanocomposite surfaces to improve pool boiling heat transfer performance. Heat Mass Transfer 56, 2529–2544 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00231-020-02878-x

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