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The effects of cattle ranching on the communities of necrophagous flies (Diptera: Calliphoridae, Mesembrinellidae and Sarcophagidae) in Northeastern Brazil

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Abstract

Most of the ongoing decline in biodiversity, worldwide, is due to human activities, in particular, the expansion of agriculture. In this context, we highlight the need for studies of the taxonomic groups that can provide insights into the dynamics of the ecological communities facing anthropogenic impacts. For this, we evaluated the effects of the environmental changes caused by cattle ranching on five phytophysiognomies (Cerrado Savanna, Amazon Forest, Palm Forest, Marshland, and Mangrove) in the state of Maranhão, Brazil. We tested the hypothesis that the species composition, abundance, and richness of the families Calliphoridae, Mesembrinellidae, and Sarcophagidae (Diptera) are affected by ranching in each of the phytophysiognomies. Specimens were collected at 90 sites, including 45 anthropic sites (cattle ranches) and 45 preserved habitats, using traps baited with bovine lung. We collected 15,023 calliphorids (11 species), 10,772 sarcophagids (52 species), and 241 mesembrinellids (one species). The results indicated significant differences between anthropic and preserved habitats in the species composition, abundance, and richness of sarcophagids, in particular in the Amazon Forest, where the highest species richness was recorded in the anthropic environments. In the case of the calliphorids and mesembrinellids, by contrast, significant differences were found in species composition and abundance in only in four of the five phytophysiognomies analyzed (excluding the Cerrado Savanna), while species richness only varied in the palm forest and marshland. In all cases, lower values were recorded in the anthropic environments. These results indicate that the insects of the families Sarcophagidae, Calliphoridae, and Mesembrinellidae respond differentially to the anthropic activity (cattle ranching) and can be used to evaluate this type of anthropogenic impact systematically. In addition, the Amazon Forest was the phytophysiognomy most impacted by this activity in the Brazilian state of Maranhão.

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Acknowledgments

This study was part of the doctoral thesis of JRPS at the UFPA/MPEG Graduate Program in Zoology. We thank the Maranhão State Research Foundation for funding and providing the first author with a doctoral stipend. Leandro Juen (process: (304710/2019-9) and Maria Cristina Esposito (process: 309572/2013-4) thank CNPq (National Council for Scientific and Technological Development) for productivity scholarships. We are also grateful to the Brazilian Coordination for Higher Education Personnel Training (CAPES) for funding the senior internship scholarship of LJ at the University of Florida through PROCAD-AMAZONIA/CAPES (process 88881.474457/2020-01). We also thank the UFPA Dean’s Office for Graduate Studies UFPA (PROPESP) and Pará State Research Foundation (Decree 01/2019 PROPESP/FADESP-UFPA) for their support.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Graduate Program in Agriculture and the Environment, Universidade Estadual Do Maranhão, Balsas, Maranhão, Brazil

    José Roberto Pereira de Sousa

  2. Graduate Program in Zoology, Universidade Federal Do Pará, Belém, Pará, Brazil

    José Roberto Pereira de Sousa, Fernando da Silva Carvalho-Filho, Leandro Juen & Maria Cristina Esposito

  3. Department of Zoology, Coordination of Zoology - Entomology, Museu Paraense Emílio Goeldi, Belém, PA, Brazil

    Fernando da Silva Carvalho-Filho

  4. Biological Sciences Institute, Universidade Federal Do Pará, Belém, PA, Brazil

    Leandro Juen & Maria Cristina Esposito

  5. Department of Biology, University of Florida, 220 Bartram Hall, P.O. Box 118525, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA

    Leandro Juen

  6. Cidade Universitária Paulo VI, São Luís, MA, Caixa Postal 09, Brazil

    José Roberto Pereira de Sousa

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  1. José Roberto Pereira de Sousa
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de Sousa, J.R.P., da Silva Carvalho-Filho, F., Juen, L. et al. The effects of cattle ranching on the communities of necrophagous flies (Diptera: Calliphoridae, Mesembrinellidae and Sarcophagidae) in Northeastern Brazil. J Insect Conserv 24, 705–717 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10841-020-00246-y

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