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Effect of a mist culture system on photosynthesis and nitrogen metabolism in ginger

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Abstract

To evaluate the transition from traditional shading cultivation to mist cultivation, a field experiment was carried out. The results demonstrated that compared with traditional shading, the mist treatment significantly reduced leaf temperature. Likewise, the higher transpiration rate also contributes to reducing leaf temperature and protects ginger from heat stress in summer. Moreover, a higher instantaneous efficiency of water use suggested that water lost via transpiration was beneficial under a mist culture system. The higher instantaneous efficiency of water use in the mist treatment was caused mainly by the higher net photosynthetic rate, which is further reflected by the higher rhizome yield of ginger under the mist culture system. Instead of lowering the temperature by lowering photon flux density, mist treatment does not seriously reduce the photon flux density while reducing the temperature of the blade. Hence, the net photosynthetic rate in the shading treatment is significantly lower than that in the mist treatment, although the maximal quantum yield of photosystem II and the actual photochemical efficiency of photosystem II in ginger in the shading treatment were significantly higher than those in the mist treatment. Lower superoxide anion, hydrogen peroxide, and malondialdehyde contents were also found after mist treatment. Lower ammonium avoids the potential risk of ammonium toxicity and is based on higher nitrate reductase, glutamine synthetase, and glutamate synthase activity but lower glutamate dehydrogenase activity. Therefore, the mist cultivation system improved the physiological characteristics and yields of ginger and can be suggested as an alternative, sustainable, and cleaner cultivation measure.

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Abbreviations

CaCl2 :

Calcium chloride

CAT:

Catalase

Ci:

Intercellular CO2 concentration

CK:

No shading and no mist treatment

DTT:

DL-Dithiothreitol

DW:

Dry weight

E:

Transpiration rate

FeCl3 :

Ferric chloride

Fm:

Maximum fluorescence

Fm':

Maximum fluorescence under light adaptation

Fo:

Minimal fluorescence

Fo':

Basal fluorescence after far-red illumination

Fs:

Steady-state fluorescence

Fv/Fm:

Maximal photochemical efficiency of PSII

FW:

Fresh weight

GDH:

Glutamate dehydrogenase

GOGAT:

Glutamate synthase

gs:

Stomatal conductance

GS:

Glutamine synthetase

H2O2 :

Hydrogen peroxide

HCl:

Hydrochloride

KNO3 :

Potassium nitrate

LWC:

Leaf relative water content

LWP:

Leaf water potential

M:

Mist-only treatment

MDA:

Malondialdehyde

MgSO4 :

Magnesium sulfate

NADH:

Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide

NBT:

Nitroblue tetrazolium

NH4+ :

Ammonium

NH4Cl:

Ammonium chloride

NO3− :

Nitrate

NPQ:

Non-photochemical quenching

NR:

Nitrate reductase

O2-. :

Superoxide anion

PFD:

Photon flux density

Pn:

Net photosynthetic rate

POD:

Peroxidase

PVP:

Polyvinyl pyrrolidone

qP:

Photochemical quenching

RWC:

Relative water content

S:

Shading-only treatment

S+M:

Shading plus mist treatment

SD:

Standard deviation

SFW:

Saturated fresh weight

SOD:

Superoxide dismutase

TBA:

Thiobarbituric acid

TCA:

Trichloroacetic acid

TiCl4 :

Titanium tetrachloride

Tris-HCl:

Tris(hydroxymethyl)aminomethane hydrochloride

WUEi:

The instantaneous efficiency of water use

ΦPSII:

Actual photochemical efficiency

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Funding

This project was funded by the Agriculture Research System of China (Grant No. CARS-24-A-09); the Taishan Industrial Experts Programme, China (Grant No. tscy20190105), the Key Research and Development Project of Shandong Province (Grant No. 2019GNC106057); and Shandong Province’s dual-class discipline construction project, China (Grant No. SYL2017YSTD06).

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Author notes

  1. Cao Bili and Xia Jie contributed equally to this work.

Authors and Affiliations

  1. College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an, 271018, Shandong, China

    Bili Cao, Jie Xia, Yueqiang Lv, Zijing Chen & Kun Xu

  2. Collaborative Innovation Center of Fruit & Vegetable Quality and Efficient Production in Shandong, Tai’an, 271018, Shandong, China

    Bili Cao, Jie Xia, Yueqiang Lv, Zijing Chen & Kun Xu

  3. State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology; Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops in Huanghuai Region, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Tai’an, 271018, Shandong, China

    Bili Cao, Jie Xia, Yueqiang Lv, Zijing Chen & Kun Xu

Authors
  1. Bili Cao
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  2. Jie Xia
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Contributions

Bili Cao, Xie Jie, Lv Yueqiang, and Chen Zijing carried out the field studies. Bili Cao carried out the statistic studies and wrote the manuscript. Kun Xu designed the study and revised the manuscript. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Kun Xu.

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Cao, B., Xia, J., Lv, Y. et al. Effect of a mist culture system on photosynthesis and nitrogen metabolism in ginger. Protoplasma 257, 1359–1371 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00709-020-01511-2

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