Abstract
Congestion is the main issue for routing in the mobile system which overall degrading performance in the network due to inadequate accessibility of resources of the wireless network of the nature, node mobility and dynamic topology of the wireless network. Congestion causes packet loss, time and energy wastage by connection failure and by mobile node failure. Congestion could be recognized as a base of deployment, link capacity node and routing routes of the network. The congestion detected on node-link by a source node along with the node of the path, which distributes traffic flow over the alternative node paths by considering routing path availability of the network. This paper has proposed a congestion control load balancing adaptive routing protocol (CCLBARP) algorithms on the direction to reduce delay, system routing overhead, congestion and enhances the life of network in MANET. The proposed congestion control technique is compared with original existing routing protocols such as DYMO and DSR of MANET in terms of throughput, end-to-end delay, packet drops average jitter, packet delivery ratio and normalized routing overhead of the network and this CCLBARP get outperformed the DSR and DYMO.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Similar content being viewed by others
Change history
06 June 2022
This article has been retracted. Please see the Retraction Notice for more detail: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12652-022-04065-8
References
Ahmad SJ, Reddy VSK, Damodaramc A, Radha Krishna P (2015) Delay optimization using Knapsack algorithm for multimedia traffic over MANETs. Exp Syst Appl 42:6819–6827. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eswa.2015.04.027
Ahnaf M, Tahmid RL, Sakhawat H, Salimur C (2019) A localized fault tolerant load balancing algorithm for RFID systems. J Ambient Intell Hum Comput 10:4305–4317. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12652-018-1114-7
Alghamdi SA (2015) Load balancing ad hoc on-demand multipath distance vector (LBAOMDV) routing protocol. Alghamdi EURASIP J Wireless Commun Netw 2015:242. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13638-015-0453-8
Al-Zubi RT, Krunz M, Al-Sukkar G, Hawa M, Darabkh KA (2014) Packet recycling and delayed ACK for improving the performance of TCP over MANETs. Wireless Pers Commun. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11277-013-1401-8
Anuradha M, Anandha Mala GS (2017) Cross-layer based congestion detection and routing protocol using fuzzy logic for MANET. Wireless Netw. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11276-016-1211-5
Borkar GM, Mahajan AR (2017) (2017) A secure and trust-based on-demand multipath routing scheme for self-organized mobile ad-hoc networks. Wireless Netw. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11276-016-1287-y
Elmazi DC, Miraldaa B, Kevinb S, Evjolab I (2018) Makotoc BL (2018) Implementation of intelligent fuzzy-based systems for actor node selection in WSANs: a comparison study considering the effect of actor congestion situation. J Intell Fuzzy Syst. https://doi.org/10.3233/JHS-180590
Harold Robinson Y, Balaji S, Golden Julie E (2019) FPSOEE: Fuzzy-enabled particle swarm optimization-based energy-efficient algorithm in mobile ad-hoc networks. J Intell Fuzzy Syst. https://doi.org/10.3233/JIFS-181472
Kaur G, Hamsapriya T, La alwani P (2014) A new energy-efficient queue-based multipath load balancing in ad-hoc network. In: International conference on computer communication and informatics (ICCCI -2014) (pp 1–6)(2014) [978-1-4799-2352-6/14/$31.00 ©2014 IEEE]
Kim J-Y, Tomar GS, Shrivastava L, Bhadauria SS, Lee W-H (2014) Load balanced congestion adaptive routing for mobile ad hoc networks. Int J Distrib Sens Netw 2014:1–10. https://doi.org/10.1155/2014/532043
Rath M, Rout UP, Pujari N, Nanda SK, Panda SP (2017) Congestion control mechanism for real-time traffic in mobile ad-hoc networks, computer communication. Netw Int Secur Lect Notes Netw Syst 5:149–156. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-3226-4_14
Roy RR (2011) Handbook of mobile ad hoc networks for mobility models. Springer, Berlin, pp 1–1142. ISBN 978-1-4419-6048-1. doi: 10.1007/978-1-4419-6050-4
Saleh Alghamdi A (2016) Load balancing maximal minimal nodal residual energy ad hoc on-demand multipath distance vector routing protocol (LBMMRE-AOMDV). Wireless Netw. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11276-015-1029-6
Sharma VK, Kumar M (2017) Adaptive congestion control scheme in mobile ad-hoc networks. Peer Peer Netw. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12083-016-0507-7
Sharma B, Chugh S, Jain V (2014) Energy efficient load balancing approach to improve AOMDV routing in MANET. Int Conf Commun Syst Netw Technol IEEE Comput Soc. https://doi.org/10.1109/CSNT.2014.247
Sirajuddin MD, Rupa Ch, Prasad A (2013) Advanced congestion control techniques for MANET information systems design and intelligent applications. Adv Intell Syst Comput 433:271–279. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-81-322-2755-7_28
Soundararajan S, Bhuvaneswaran RS (2012) Adaptive multi-path routing for load balancing in mobile ad hoc networks. J Comput Sci 8(5):648–655
Talaat FM, Saraya MS, Saleh AI, Ali HA (2020) A load balancing and optimization strategy (LBOS) using reinforcement learning in fog computing environment. J Ambient Intell Hum Comput 11:1–16
Tomar GS, Shrivastava L, Bhadauria SS (2014) Load balanced congestion adaptive routing for randomly distributed mobile ad-hoc networks. Wireless Pers Commun. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11277-014-1663-9
Vadivel R, Murali Bhaskaran V (2017) Adaptive reliable and congestion control routing protocol for MANET. Wireless Netw. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11276-015-1137-3
Yadav AK, Tripathi S (2015) DLBMRP: design of load balanced multicast routing protocol for wireless mobile ad-hoc network. Wireless Pers Commun. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11277-015-2868-2
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Additional information
Publisher's Note
Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.
This article has been retracted. Please see the retraction notice for more detail: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12652-022-04065-8"
About this article
Cite this article
Kumar, J., Singh, A. & Bhadauria, H.S. RETRACTED ARTICLE: Congestion control load balancing adaptive routing protocols for random waypoint model in mobile ad-hoc networks. J Ambient Intell Human Comput 12, 5479–5487 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12652-020-02059-y
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12652-020-02059-y