Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Depth effect on growth and fatty acid profile of Mediterranean mussel (Mytilus galloprovincialis) produced on a longline off south Portugal

  • Published:
Aquaculture International Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Mytilus galloprovincialis is one of recent bivalve species produced in Portugal offshore. The growth, condition index, and the fatty acid composition of the mussel produced at 2 and 13 m depth was compared in longline on the south coast of Portugal. For each depth, a monitoring of several water quality parameters such as temperature, turbidity, nutrients, and chlorophyll-a was carried out. There were no significant differences between mussel growths at different depths. On the first sampling, shell length mean was 24 mm, reaching 50 mm 9 months after. High dispersion of mussel length was observed due to slow growers. The condition index shows a typical seasonal variation, with high values in autumn and late spring and minimum values in January. Analysis of fatty acids did not reveal differences at both depths and DHA levels (8.71 mg/g) were generally higher than EPA (5.90 mg/g). The water quality revealed few differences in the environmental conditions in the water column, which may explain the similarities between the quality of mussels produced at different depths. Based on these data, the mussel offshore production in that area can be done at this range of profundities 2 and 13 m, without affecting growth and fatty acid composition.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Fig. 4
Fig. 5
Fig. 6
Fig. 7
Fig. 8
Fig. 9
Fig. 10
Fig. 11

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  • Almeida LP, Ferreira Ó, Vousdoukas M, Dodet G (2011) Historical variation and trends in storminess along the Portuguese South Coast. Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences - Nat Hazards Earth Sys Sci 11:2407–2417. https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-11-2407-2011

  • Azpeitia K, Ferrer L, Revilla M, Pagaldai J et al (2016) Growth, biochemical profile, and fatty acid composition of mussel (Mytilus galloprovincialis Lmk.) cultured in the open ocean of the Bay of Biscay (northern Spain). Aquaculture 454:95–108. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aquaculture.2015.12.022

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Baptista M, Repolho T, Maulvault AL et al (2014) Temporal dynamics of amino and fatty acid composition in the razor clam Ensis siliqua (Mollusca: Bivalvia). Helgol Mar Res 68:465–482. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10152-014-0402-7

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bardach JE, Ryther JH, McLarney WO (1972) Aquaculture – the farming and husbandry of freshwater and marine organisms. John Wiley & Sons, INC, 351 pp

  • Baringer MO, Price JF (1999) A review of the physical oceanography of the Mediterranean outflow. Mar Geol 155:63–82. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0025-3227(98)00141-8

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bayne BL, Worral CM (1980) Growth and production of mussels Mytilus edulis from two populations. Mar Ecol 3:317–328. https://doi.org/10.1016/0044-8486(95)01139-0

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Beaumont A, Gjedrem T, Moran P (2007) Blue mussel—Mytilus edulis Mediterranean mussel—M. galloprovincialis. Genimpact final scientific report 62–69

  • Brenner M, Buchholz C, Heemken O (2012) Health and growth performance of the blue mussel (Mytilus edulis L.) from two hanging cultivation sites in the German Bight: a nearshore–offshore comparison. Aquac Int 20(4):751–778. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10499-012-9501-0

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Budge SM, Parrish CC, Mckenzie CH (2001) Fatty acid composition of phytoplankton, settling particulate matter and sediments at a sheltered bivalve aquaculture site. Mar Chem 76:285–303. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0304-4203(01)00068-8

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Cal JI, Cubillo A, Fernández-Reiriz MJ, Labarta U (2015) Growth variations within a farm of mussel (Mytilus galloprovincialis) held near fish cages: Importance for the implementation of integrated aquaculture. Aquaculture Research 46:1988–2002. https://doi.org/10.1111/are.12356

  • Camacho AP, Labarta U, Beiras R (1995) Growth of mussels (Mytilus edulis galloprovincialis) on cultivation rafts: influence of seed source, cultivation site and phytoplankton availability. Aquaculture 138:349–362. https://doi.org/10.1016/0044-8486(95)01139-0

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Çelik MY, Karayücel S, Karayücel I et al (2012) Meat yield, condition index, and biochemical composition of mussels (Mytilus galloprovincialis Lamarck, 1819) in Sinop, south of the Black Sea. J Aquat Food Prod Technol 21(3):198–205. https://doi.org/10.1080/10498850.2011.589099

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Cid A (2009) Cultivo de Dourada (Sparus aurata) numa jaula off-shore: alterações ambientais da qualidade da água no seu interior e no meio envolvente. Universidade de Lisboa, Dissertation

  • Cohen Z, VonShak A, Richmond A (1988) Effect of environmental conditions on fatty acid composition of the red algae Porphyridium cruentum: correlation to growth rate. J Phycol 24:328–332. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1529-8817.1988.tb00181.x

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Costa M (1994) Agitação Marítima na Costa Portuguesa. Anais do Instituto Hidrográfico Vol.13 Instituto Hidrográfico

  • Costa M, Silva R, Vitorino J (2001) Contribuição para o estudo do clima de agitação marítima na costa portuguesa. 2as Jornadas Portuguesas de Engenharia Costeira e Portuária, Associação Internacional de Navegação, Sines, Portugal

  • Cravo A, Relvas P, Cardeira S et al (2010) An upwelling filament off south west Iberia: effect on the chlorophyll a and nutrient export. Cont Shelf Res 30:1601–1613. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.csr.2010.06.007

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Davenport J, Chen X (1987) A comparison of methods for the assessement of condition in the mussel (Mytilus edulis L.). J. Moll. Stud. 53:293–297

  • Dias JMA (1988) Aspectos geológicos do Litoral Algarvio. Geonovas (Lisboa) 10:113–128

    Google Scholar 

  • Falcão M, Vale C (1990) Study of the Ria Formosa ecosystem: benthic nutrient remineralization and tidal variability of nutrients in the water. Hydrobiologia 207:137–146. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00041450

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Fernández-Reiriz MJ, Labarta U, Babarro J (1996) Comparative allometries in growth and chemical composition of mussel (Mytilus galloprovincialis Lmk) cultured in two zones in the Ria Sada (Galicia, NW Spain). Journal of Shellfish Research 15:349–343

  • Fiúza AFG (1983) Upwelling patterns off Portugal. Coastal upwelling its sediment record. Part A: responses of the sedimentary regime to present coastal upwelling. pp 85–98

  • Fuentes A, Fernández-Segovia I, Escriche I et al (2009) Comparison of physico-chemical parameters and composition of mussels (Mytilus galloprovincialis Lmk.) from different Spanish origins. Food Chem 112:295–302. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2008.05.064

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Futagawa K, Yoshie-Stark Y, Ogus M (2011) Monthly variation of biochemical composition of Pacific oysters Crassostrea gigas from two main cultivation areas in Japan. Fish Sci 77:687–696. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12562-011-0364-5

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Galli C, Rise P (2006) Origin of fatty acids in the body: endogenous synthesis versus dietary intakes. Eur J Lipid Sci Technol 108:521–525. https://doi.org/10.1002/ejlt.200600056

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Garen P, Robert S, Bougriera S (2004) Comparison of growth of mussel, Mytilus edulis, on longline, pole and bottom culture sites in the Pertuis Breton, France. Aquaculture 232:511–524. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0044-8486(03)00535-0

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Grasshoff K (1983) Methods of seawater analysis. Verlag Chemie, New York 317p

    Google Scholar 

  • Hale MB (1984) Proximate chemical composition and fatty acids of three small coastal pelagic species. Mar Fish Rev 46(1):19–21. https://doi.org/10.3923/ajcn.2011

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Joaquim S, Matias D, Matias AM et al (2014) Biochemical and energy dynamics throughout the reproductive cycle of the striped venus Chamelea gallina (Mollusca, Bivalvia). Invertebr Reprod Dev 54(4):284–293. https://doi.org/10.1080/07924259.2014.921646

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kapetsky JM, Aguilar-Manjarrez J, Jenness J (2013) A global assessment ofpotential for offshore mariculture development from a spatial perspective. FAO Fisheries and Aquaculture Technical Paper No. 549. Rome, FAO, 181 pp

  • Kopp J, Cornette F, Simonne CA (2005) A comparison of growth and biochemical composition of Mytilus galloprovincialis (Lmk.) and Mytilus edulis (L.) on the West coast of Cotentin, Normandy, France 1999–2000. Aquacult Int 13:327–340. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10499-004-6548-6

  • Leitão P, Coelho H, Santos A et al (2005) Modeling the main features of the Algarve coastal circulation during July 2004: a downscalling approach. J Atmos Ocean Sci 10(4):421–462. https://doi.org/10.1080/17417530601127704

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Lepage G, Roy CC (1986) Direct transesterification of all classes of lipids in a one step reaction. J Lipid Res 27:114–119

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Lorenzen CJ (1967) Determination of chlorophyll and phaeopigments, spectrophotometric equations. Limnol Oceanogr 12:343–346. https://doi.org/10.4319/lo.1967.12.2.0343

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Matias D, Joaquim S, Matias A et al (2013) The reproductive cycle of the European clam Ruditapes decussatus (L., 1758) in two Portuguese populations: implications for management and aquaculture programs. Aquaculture 406–407:52–61

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • McCave IN, Hall IR (2002) Turbidity of waters over the northwest Iberian continental margin. Prog Oceanogr 52:299–313. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0079-6611(02)00012-5

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Moita MT (2001) Estrutura, variabilidade e dinâmica do Fitoplâncton na Costa de Portugal Continental. Dissertation. Universidade de Lisboa

  • Monfort MC (2014) The European market for mussels. GLOBEFISH Research Programme, Vol. 115. FAO 2014, Rome, 65p

  • Ögmundarson O, Holmyard J, Þórðarson G et al. (2011) Offshore aquaculture farming report—work package

  • Okumus I, Stirling HP (1998) Seasonal variations in the meat weight, condition index and biochemical composition of mussels (Mytilus edulis L.) in suspended culture in two Scottish sea lochs. Aquaculture 159:249–261. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0044-8486(97)00206-8

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Oliveira AR (2012) Aspectos biológicos, nutricionais e sensoriais e mexilhão (Mytilus sp.) produzido em aquacultura offshore. Master thesis. Universidade Aberta

  • Oliveira AR, Sykes AV, Hachero-Cruzado I, Azeiteiro UM, Esteves E (2015) A sensory and nutritional comparison of mussels (Mytilus sp.) produced in NW Iberia and in the Armona offshore production area (Algarve, Portugal). Food Chem 168:520–528. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2014.07.082

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Orban E, Di Lena G, Nevigato T et al (2002) Seasonal changes in meat content, condition index and chemical composition of mussels (Mytilus galloprovincialis) cultured in two different Italian sites. Food Chem 77:57–65. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0308-8146(01)00322-3

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Parrish CC (2013) Lipids in marine ecosystems. Hindawi Publishing Corporation. Volume 2013, Article ID 604045, 16 pp

  • Peng S, Chen C, Shi Z et al (2013) Amino acid and fatty acid composition of the muscle tissue of yellowfin tuna (Thunnus Albacares) and bigeye tuna (Thunnus Obesus). J Food Nutr Res 1(4):42–45. https://doi.org/10.12691/jfnr-1-4-2

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Prato E, Danieli A, Maffia M, Biandolino F (2010) Lipid and fatty acid compositions of Mytilus galloprovincialis cultured in the Mar Grande of Taranto (Southern Italy): feeding strategies and trophic relationships. Zool Stud 49(2):211–219

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Rustan AC and Drevon CA (2005) Fatty acids: structures and properties. eLS

  • Sarà G, Zenone A, Tomasello A (2009) Growth of Mytilus galloprovincialis (mollusca, bivalvia) close to fish farms: a case of integrated multitrophic aquaculture within the Tyrrhenian Sea. Hydrobiologia. 636:129–136. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10750-009-9942-2

  • Sirot V, Oseredczuk M, Bemrah-Aouachria N et al (2008) Lipid and fatty acid composition of fish and seafood consumed in France: CALIPSO study. J Food Compos Anal 21(1):8–16. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jfca.2007.05.006

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Stefánsson G, Kristinsson H, Ziemer N, Hannon C, James P (2017) Markets for sea urchins: a review of global supply and markets. Matís ohf / Matis - Food Research, Innovation & Safety. 45 pp

  • Steffani CN, Branch GM (2003) Growth rate, condition, and shell shape of Mytilus galloprovincialis: responses to wave exposure. Mar Ecol Prog Ser 246:197–209. https://doi.org/10.3354/meps246197

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Stevens C, Plew D, Hartstein N et al (2008) The physics of open-water shellfish aquaculture. Aquac Eng 38:145–160. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aquaeng.2008.01.006

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Vasconi M, Caprino F, Bellagamba F et al (2016) Fatty acid composition of gilthead sea bream (Sparus aurata) fillets as affected by current changes in aquafeed formulation. Turk J Fish Aquat Sci 1–12. https://doi.org/10.4194/1303-2712-v17_3_01

  • Villalba A (1995) Gametogenic cycle of cultured mussel, Mytilus galloprovincialis, in the bays of Galicia (N.W. Spain). Aquaculture 130(2–3):269–277. https://doi.org/10.1016/0044-8486(94)00213-8

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Wooster WS, Bakun A, McLain DR (1976) Seasonal upwelling cycle along the eastern boundary of the North Atlantic. J Mar Res 34(2):131–141

    Google Scholar 

  • Yildiz H, Bulut M (2006) Condition indices of Mediterranean Mussels (Mytilus galloprovincialis L. 1819) growing on suspended ropes in Dardanelles. Journal of Food Technology 4:221–224. https://doi.org/10.1080/10498850.2011.589099

  • Zool T, Ozer A, Okkay S (2014) First report of some parasites from Mediterranean mussel, Mytilus galloprovincialis Lamarck, 1819, collected from the Black Sea coast at Sinop. Turkish Journal of Zoology 38:490. https://doi.org/10.3906/zoo-1401-2

Download references

Funding

This work was supported by the project “DIVERSIAQUA” (Mar2020 16-02-01-FMP-0066).

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Aquaculture Research Station (EPPO), Portuguese Institute for the Ocean and Atmosphere (IPMA), Parque Natural da Ria Formosa s/n, 8700-194, Olhão, Portugal

    J. Araújo, F. Soares, A. Medeiros, N. M. Bandarra, M. Freire, M. Falcão & P. Pousão-Ferreira

Authors
  1. J. Araújo
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. F. Soares
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. A. Medeiros
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. N. M. Bandarra
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  5. M. Freire
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  6. M. Falcão
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  7. P. Pousão-Ferreira
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to J. Araújo.

Ethics declarations

Conflict of interest

The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.

The authors certify that they have no affiliations with or involvement in any organization or entity with any financial interest (such as honoraria; educational grants; participation in speakers’ bureaus; membership, employment, consultancies, stock ownership, or other equity interest; and expert testimony or patent-licensing arrangements), or non-financial interest such as personal or professional relationships, affiliations, knowledge, or beliefs) in the subject matter or materials discussed in this manuscript.

Ethical approval

All applicable international, national, and/or institutional guidelines for the care and use of animals were followed by the authors.

Additional information

Publisher’s note

Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Araújo, J., Soares, F., Medeiros, A. et al. Depth effect on growth and fatty acid profile of Mediterranean mussel (Mytilus galloprovincialis) produced on a longline off south Portugal. Aquacult Int 28, 927–946 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10499-019-00504-0

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10499-019-00504-0

Keywords

Search

Navigation