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Properties of the Ionosphere during an Extreme Storm

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Abstract—

Based on an analysis of the F2-layer critical frequency (foF2) at Irkutsk station during the extreme storm of March 13–15, 1989, it is found that geomagnetic activity index aa is a more adequate indicator than ap for foF2 during the maximum of an extreme storm. This is related to the existence of the upper limit of changes in ap (ap = 400) and this fact imposes some limitations on using the ap index for extreme events. In the initial period of the recovery phase of the considered storm, a rapid decrease of geomagnetic activity occurred. A strong deviation of the experimental values of foF2 from the values calculated by the semi-empirical model, which considers the dependences of the thermospheric temperature and composition on geomagnetic activity by the NRLMSISE-00 atmospheric model, was observed during that period. It is assumed that this could be related to the effect of disturbance of thermospheric wind velocity due to the rapid decrease of geomagnetic activity. This assumption is rather qualitative and requires a special study.

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ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

The data on critical frequencies foF2 of the Irkutsk ionospheric station and solar activity indices were taken from the sites of Space Physics Interactive Data Resource (SPIDR, http://spidr.ionosonde.net/spidr) and the World Data Centre for Solar-Terrestrial Physics, Chilton (http:// www.ukssdc.ac.uk/wdcc1/). The data on the geomagnetic indies were taken from the site of the International Service of Geomagnetic Indices (ISGI, isgi.unistra.fr). These indices were calculated and presented by the ISGI staff based on the data collected at magnetic observatories. We thank the corresponding national institutions, the NTERMAGNET network, and ISGI.

Funding

The study was partly supported by the Russian Foundation for Basic Research, project no. № 17-05-00427, and Program 28 of the Presidium of the Russian Academy of Sciences.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Institute of Terrestrial Magnetism, Ionosphere, and Radio wave Propagation, 108840, Troitsk, Moscow oblast, Russia

    M. G. Deminov & G. F. Deminova

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  1. M. G. Deminov
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  2. G. F. Deminova
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Correspondence to M. G. Deminov.

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Translated by A. Danilov

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Deminov, M.G., Deminova, G.F. Properties of the Ionosphere during an Extreme Storm. Cosmic Res 57, 451–458 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1134/S0010952519060017

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