Original articleProeryon, a geographically and stratigraphically widespread genus of polychelidan lobstersProeryon, un genre de langoustine Polychelida très répandu géographiquement et stratigraphiquement
Introduction
Polychelidan lobsters (also referred to as Eryonoidea Haan, 1823) are decapod crustaceans characterized by their four to five pairs of clawed pereiopods. They are discovered in various fossil environments, from shallow waters, as in the Solnhofen or Monte Fallano plattenkalks (Garassino and Schweigert, 2006, Bravi et al., 2014) to deep-water environments (Audo et al., 2014c, Audo et al., 2018a). Fossil representatives have been first described in the early 19th century (Desmarest, 1817), and since then, numerous species have been described by various authors, with varying level of details and terminology, leading to numerous taxonomic imprecisions and the description of synonymous species (see synonymy list of Cycleryon propinquus in Garassino and Schweigert, 2006 as a good example). These taxonomic issues prevent us to have a good overview of the diversity and evolutionary history of polychelidan lobsters. For these reasons, Audoʼs (2014) unpublished PhD thesis included the first comprehensive systematic review of polychelidan lobsters. The present work is based upon Audo (2014) and an unpublished project by G. Schweigert, and proposes a modern and updated systematic revision of one of the most diverse, geographically widespread, and long-living genus of polychelidan lobster: Proeryon Beurlen, 1928. We also describe two new species tentatively assigned to Proeryon and a further new species probably belonging to Eryonidae Haan, 1823 which co-occurs with Proeryon stoddarti (Woodward, 1881), with which it could be easily confused.
Section snippets
Material and methods
This work is based upon a total of 68 specimens (counting only one specimen in the case of multiple casts of the same specimen) listed in the systematic treatment of each species and in Appendix 1. Most specimens were directly studied, or, if this was not possible, they were studied based upon good quality, high-resolution photographs. In the case of ? Proeryon quiltyi sp. nov. and of Proeryon hartmanni (Meyer, 1836) illustrated in Schmidt-Kaler et al. (1992: fig. 47), we were unfortunately
Systematic palaeontology
Malacostraca Latreille, 1802
Decapoda Latreille, 1802
Pleocyemata Burkenroad, 1963
Polychelida Scholtz and Richter, 1995
Eryonoidea Haan, 1823
Coleiidae Van Straelen, 1925
Proeryoninae nov. subfam.
Included genera. Proeryon Beurlen, 1928 (type), Gabaleryon Audo, Williams, Charbonnier and Schweigert, 2017b, Tethyseryon Bravi, Garassino, Bartiroma, Audo, Charbonnier, Schweigert, Thévenard and Longobardi, 2014.
Occurrence. Pliensbachian (United Kingdom), Toarcian (France, Germany, Russia, United Kingdom),
Discussion
Diversity. Our taxonomic revision of Proeryon reveals it is, after Coleia Broderip, 1835, the secondmost diverse genus of polychelidan lobsters, with up to 11 species on a total of 66 species of polychelidan lobsters (nomina dubia and nomina nuda not included: see Appendix 2). In the case of Coleia, the morphological diversity of the genus may give hints that Coleia as it is currently considered (e.g. see Schweitzer et al., 2010) is not monophyletic. By contrast, Proeryon is supported by a
Conclusion
Our reinvestigation of Proeryon shows that with nine to eleven species, it is one of the most diverse genera of polychelidan lobsters. Proeryon was an evolutionary success, which survived at least from the Pliensbachian to the Hauterivian and colonized environments from Siberia to United Kingdom, possibly going as far as Antarctica.
Disclosure of interest
The authors declare that they have no competing interest.
Acknowledgments
We are pleased to acknowledge the precious help of curators and other people involved with palaeontological collections that helped us access fossils or sent us good quality photographs: Abel Prieur, Emmanuel Robert (Université Lyon 1, Villeurbanne, France), Fabienne Giraud (Université Grenoble-Alpes, Grenoble, France), Claudie Durand, Armand Fayard and Rebecca Bilon (Muséum de Grenoble, Grenoble, France), Alessandro Garassino (MSNM, Milano, Italy), Isabelle Rouget (MNHN, Paris, France),
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