Measurement and correlation of ternary system {water + 2,3-butanediol + 2-methyl-1-pentanol} and {water + 2,3-butanediol + 3-methyl-1-butanol} liquid-liquid equilibrium data
Introduction
Depletion of crude oil increases the global requirement for bio-based platform chemicals as base chemicals. 2,3-butanediol is one of the base chemicals that can be used to manufacture various products, such as cosmetics, food, plasticizers, and pharmaceuticals. However, 2,3-butanediol has a high boiling point and high water affinity, which impede the separation of 2,3-butanediol from water molecules in an aqueous solution. Because of these properties, the cost of refining increases thereby limiting economic industrialization. To efficiently recover 2,3-butanediol, various separation processes have been studied. For instance, solvent extraction [[1], [2], [3]], distillation [4], membrane technology [5,6], reverse osmosis [7], and salting-out [[8], [9], [10]] processes have been applied for the recovery of 2,3-butanediol. Among these methods, solvent extraction is expected to be efficient due to economical energy consumption and ease of scale-up to industrial scales [11]. To increase the effectiveness and efficiency of solvent extraction, it is important to select a solvent suitable for the 2,3-butanediol aqueous solution. Although there have been many attempts to find a suitable solvent, the results showed low distribution coefficient (D) [1,[12], [13], [14], [15]] and low selectivity (S) [1,15,16]. Although ionic liquids show high D and S, it has difficulties in separation between 2,3-butanediol and solvent after extraction [17]. To obtain the D and S values and evaluate the solvent, liquid–liquid equilibrium (LLE) data are required. Previously, Birajdar et al. reported alcohols with 4–6 carbon atoms as good solvents with high distribution coefficients [18]. On the basis of this criterion, we selected several low-branched alcohols as solvents. We have already reported a study on 1-pentanol and 4-methyl-2-pentanol [19,20]; the research reported in this paper is an extension of the previous study. In this work, the LLE of two binary systems, {water + 2,3-butanediol + 2-methyl-1-pentanol} and {water + 2,3-butanediol+3-methyl-1-butanol}, were studied at three different temperatures, 298.2 K, 308.2 K, and 318.2 K and at atmospheric pressure. Using the titration method, complete phase diagrams of these two systems were also drawn. In addition, the experimental data were correlated with the NRTL model, and the binary parameters of those were presented.
Section snippets
Materials
2-methyl-1-pentanol (Purity > 0.980 mass fraction) was purchased from Sigma Aldrich (USA). 2,3-butanediol (Purity > 0.980 mass fraction) and 3-methyl-1-butanol (Purity > 0.990 mass fraction) were purchased from Sejinci Co. (Korea). HPLC-grade water obtained from Daejung Co. (Korea) was used. The purity of each of the chemicals was measured by gas chromatography (GC) (model YL6100 from Young-Lin Instrument Co., Korea) and used without any further purification. Table 1 shows more details about
Experimental data
Table 2, Table 3 list the mutual solubility data for the two aforementioned systems. Table 4, Table 5 present the experimental LLE data of both systems, where expresses the mass fraction of the i component. Fig. 1, Fig. 2, Fig. 3 show the binodal solubility curves and experimental tie-lines and the tie-lines that regressed with the NRTL equation from 298.2 K to 318.2 K for {water + 2,3-butanediol + 2-methyl-1-pentanol} system. Fig. 4, Fig. 5, Fig. 6 show the same graph for the {water +
Conclusions
In this work, the measurement and correlation of LLE in two ternary systems,{water + 2,3-butanediol + 2-methyl-1-pentanol} and {water + 2,3-butanediol + 3-methyl-1-butanol}, was executed at 298.2 K, 308.2 K, and 318.2 K and atmospheric pressure. Additionally, the binodal solubility curves measured using the titration method were presented. For evaluating the performance of 2-methyl-1-pentanol and 3-methyl-1-butanol as extraction solvents, their distribution coefficients (D) and solubilities (S)
CRediT authorship contribution statement
Hyun Ji Kim: Writing - original draft, Validation. Joon-Hyuk Yim: Writing - review & editing. Jong Sung Lim: Supervision.
Declaration of competing interest
The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper.
Acknowledgments
This research was supported by C1 Gas Refinery Program through the National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF) funded by the Ministry of Science, ICT & Future Planning (NRF-2017M3D3A1A01037006-2).
This study was sponsored by Basic Science Research Program through the National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF) funded by the Ministry of Education (NRF-2016R1D1A1B01013707).
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