VLSI based orthogonal diagonal cross hair search (ODCHS) algorithm implementation for efficient image compression

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.micpro.2020.103114Get rights and content

Abstract

In this paper, an efficient image codec is proposed using Magnetic Resonance Images (MRI). During the past few years, frequency domain analyzes such as Discrete Cosine Transform and Discrete Wavelet Transform (DWT) have been widely used in the field of image compression due to their well localized property of its coefficients in both frequency and space domain. This work also deals with image compression based on frequency domain transformation. As the medical images are very important for diagnosis, they require lossless compression to store them. However, the coefficients of DWT are real numbers; lossless compression cannot be achieved. To overcome this limitation, a variant of DWT named Lifting Wavelet Transform (LWT) is utilized in the proposed system. The proposed codec is applied on the decomposed image. The codec has also been synthesized using FPGA and the results are compared with simulation results and verified.

Introduction

The usage of digital pictures is continuously increasing each day in various fields such as medical, media and technological applications and also the dimension of such pictures are becoming larger and bigger. Apart from the usage of digital images, the main issue is that digital images are moderately memory consuming. Generally digital image is signified by digits matrix, which denotes the light intensity of each picture element named pixel per image the number of pixel is based on the essential spatial resolution while the total quantity of bits per pixel is resolved by quantization precision required for the application. For instance, a typical picture has 256 × 256 pixels, every entailing eight binary bits for gray scale level quantization. To transmit or store such pictures, which contains half a million bits of data, needs bandwidth capability or wide-ranging memory. The emerging production of pictures and demands to their quality requires high performance compression methods for efficient transmission, storage and archival. The Image compression scheme is mainly utilized to reduce the bits requirements for the image transmission. By applying the image reconstruction process, the original image is carried out from the image compression method. Image compression has wide-ranging applications in different healthcare fields namely: transmission of image for telemedicine, satellite communication, teleconferencing and so on.

The most commonly applied image compression method which is the most effective algorithm used in JPEG image compression is discrete wavelet transform. The suggested traditional approach needs more knowledge, region and power; lifting methodology is an innovative approach that implements both forward and backward, lifting-based discrete wavelet transform. DWT architectures are designed using a lift-based approach and are a efficient image compression algorithm. This architecture contributes to lower memory benchmarking, low power, low latency, and high performance.

Section snippets

Literature survey

An inventive scheme of discrete-color images for lossless compression is explained in Alzahir 2014 [1]. It consists of two important mechanisms. One is a fixed-size codebook incorporating the blocks in 8 × 8 bit of two-tone information alongside their related Huffman codes and their comparative probabilities of event. The probabilities were acquired from an especially the big data set of two color images and are utilized for arithmetic coding. The next mechanism is the reductions coding of

Lossless compression

In the field of the image compression, the lossless compression is considered as the major forms. Lossless compression is applied in the medical applications. In medical applications, the image without the data can be discarded. It is where lossless compression comes as a major tool. The compression ratios of lossless compression algorithms are usually small. The compression is of the order of 2:1. The compression for lossy algorithms is around the order of 300:1. The image can be compressed to

Integer wavelet transform

Integer wavelet transform is a category of DWT. Wavelet Transform is used to find the frequency content as well as the time of occurrence of the frequency content in the signal. The wavelet transform in its discrete notation called DWT can be applied to discrete images. After taking Discrete Wavelet Transform the band with least number of significant wavelet coefficients can be neglected. Such a band practically contains no information. In any image there will be several bands with least number

ODCHS algorithm

ODCHS stands for Orthogonal Diagonal Cross Hair Search. The algorithm searches for valid pixel in a range of Maximum and Minimum values. The maximum and minimum values are in powers of two. The maximum and minimum values are used as threshold for the entire encoding process. The algorithm divides the image into groups of 4 × 4,8 × 8,16 × 16,32 × 32 pixels and so on from the top left corner. For each block it is checked, if at least any one of the pixel in the block exceeds the threshold level

Simulation results

In this work, the two-Dimensional Integer Wavelet Transform is designed using Very high speed integrated input Hardware Description Language (VHDL). The validation of proposed design has been simulated by using ModelSim 6.3C and Synthesis results are evaluated by using Xilinx12.4i design tool family Virtex 6, device XC6VCX240T, package FF1156, speed −2.

In Fig. 4 shows the simulation results of Integer wavelet transform, is used to find the frequency content as well as the time of occurrence of

Conclusion

In this work, a lossless image compression was achieved by LWT. In the proposed method ODCHS algorithm used for image compression scheme is implemented in terms of the VLSI Design environment. It is used for searches the valid pixel in a range of Maximum and Minimum values. The maximum and minimum values are used as threshold for the entire encoding process. The pixels that are less than the threshold value are encoded with a value zero. In terms of the usage of hardware resources, power, and

Declaration of Competing Interest

None

R. Krishnaswamy received the B.E (ECE) and M.E (Communication Systems) From Anna University. He is working as an Assistant Professor in Department of ECE in University College of Engineering, Ariyalur. He is currently pursuing pH. D Degree in Image processing in the Department of Electronic and Communication Engineering in Anna University, Chennai. His-areas of interests are Communication systems and Image Processing.

References (16)

  • A.M.HY. Saad et al.

    High-speed implementation of fractal image compression in low cost FPGA

    Microprocess. Microsyst.

    (2016)
  • B. Ramalingam et al.

    Hybrid image crypto system for secure image communication–A VLSI approach

    Microprocess. Microsyst.

    (2017)
  • S. Alzahir et al.

    An innovative lossless compression method for discrete-color images

    IEEE Trans. Image Process.

    (2015)
  • W. Hu

    Multiresolution graph fourier transform for compression of piecewise smooth images

    IEEE Trans. Image Process.

    (2015)
  • S.K. Lee et al.

    Multimode Image Compression Algorithm Employing Multiple-Choice Knapsack Problem-Based Encoding Mode Selection

    J. Disp. Technol.

    (2016)
  • Y. Li et al.

    Anti-Forensics of Lossy Predictive Image Compression

    IEEE Signal Process. Lett.

    (2015)
  • J.J.G. Aranda

    Logarithmical hopping encoding:a low computational complexity algorithm for image compression

    IET Image Process.

    (2015)
  • C. Sun et al.

    An efficient DCT-based image compression system based on Laplacian transparent composite model

    IEEE Trans. Image Process.

    (2015)
There are more references available in the full text version of this article.

Cited by (4)

  • FPGA medical big data system and ischemic stroke rehabilitation nursing

    2021, Microprocessors and Microsystems
    Citation Excerpt :

    Third, the device should not be worn on the forearm, wrist or hand. This alleviates concerns about patient damage and hygiene issues [15, 16]. Subsequent units used a delicate conductive texture with hidden tips.

R. Krishnaswamy received the B.E (ECE) and M.E (Communication Systems) From Anna University. He is working as an Assistant Professor in Department of ECE in University College of Engineering, Ariyalur. He is currently pursuing pH. D Degree in Image processing in the Department of Electronic and Communication Engineering in Anna University, Chennai. His-areas of interests are Communication systems and Image Processing.

View full text