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Clinical RoPE (cRoPE) score predicts patent foramen ovale detection among stroke patients: a multicenter observational study

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Abstract

Backgroud

The role of patent foramen ovale (PFO) in cryptogenic stroke (CS) is debated. Tools to predict PFO occurrence and attributable fraction are needed to guide cost-effective diagnostics and treatment. Risk of Paradoxical Embolism (RoPE) score relies on neuroimaging findings, which might be inconclusive in up to 30% of cases.

Methods

We developed a clinical-based easy tool to predict the presence and attributable fraction of PFO in CS patients, without using neuroimaging. The clinical RoPE (cRoPE) score, ranging 1–10, was elaborated through Delphi method from the original RoPE score, replacing cortical infarction with the Oxfordshire Community Stroke Project (OCSP) classification (lacunar stroke = 0 points, other subtypes = 1 point). Then, from the SISIFO (Studio Italiano di prevalenza nello Stroke Ischemico di pervietà del Forame Ovale, or Prevalence of Patent Foramen Ovale in Ischemic Stroke in Italy) study, a multicenter, prospective study on consecutive acute ischemic stroke patients (n = 1130) classified by Trial of Org 10172 in Acute Stroke Treatment (TOAST) and OCSP criteria and undergoing PFO testing, we selected the VV-CDC cohort (Vibo Valentia, Città di Castello, n = 323) to test the accuracy of cRoPE in predicting PFO detection. We compared cRoPE with RoPE to verify cRoPE reliability. Finally, we tested, through ROC analysis, the performance of cRoPE depending on TOAST classification.

Results

Overall, PFO was detected in 21% in VV-CDC and in 23.4% in remaining SISIFO cohort (n = 807). cRoPEAUC and RoPEAUC were similar in VV-CDC. cRoPE performance was comparable with RoPE among CS (cRoPEAUC 0.76, 95%CI 0.67–0.85, RoPEAUC 0.75, 95%CI 0.66–0.84). Moving to the remaining SISIFO cohort, cRoPE confirmed satisfactory accuracy in predicting PFO detection in CS patients (cRoPEAUC 0.71, 95%CI 0.66–0.78, p = 0.032).

Conclusions

Conclusions: cRoPE might help in stratification of patients with CS, allowing accurate esteem of the likelihood of PFO to be found, especially in cases when neuroimaging is inconclusive.

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Data availability statement

Data sharing request will be considered by the corresponding author.

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Author notes

  1. David Giannandrea and Michele Romoli contributed equally to this work.

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Neurology Department, Stroke Unit, Gubbio–Gualdo Tadino and Città di Castello Hospitals, USL Umbria 1, Perugia, Italy

    David Giannandrea, Chiara Padiglioni, Silvia Cenciarelli & Stefano Ricci

  2. Health Planning Service, Department of Epidemiology, Regional Health Authority of Umbria, Perugia, Italy

    Paolo Eusebi

  3. Cardiology and Cardiovascular Physiopathology, S. Maria della Misericordia Hospital, Perugia, Italy

    Anna Mengoni

  4. Neurology Clinic, University of Perugia–S. Maria della Misericordia Hospital, Perugia, Italy

    Michele Romoli

  5. Neurology Unit, Department of Medicine, Rimini “Infermi” Hospital, AUSL Romagna, Rimini, Italy

    Michele Romoli

  6. Neurology Unit, G. Jazzolino Hospital, Vibo Valentia, Italy

    Franco Galati, Antonio Vecchio & Domenico Consoli

Authors
  1. David Giannandrea
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  2. Chiara Padiglioni
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  3. Paolo Eusebi
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  5. Michele Romoli
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Correspondence to David Giannandrea.

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Protocol was approved by Ethical Committee of Coordinator Centre (4.2011.22), informed conset was obtained, and the study followed standards of the 1964 Declaration of Helsinki.

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Giannandrea, D., Padiglioni, C., Eusebi, P. et al. Clinical RoPE (cRoPE) score predicts patent foramen ovale detection among stroke patients: a multicenter observational study. Neurol Sci 41, 3227–3233 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10072-020-04386-6

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10072-020-04386-6

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