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Long-term changes of steppe-associated wild bees differ between shell-nesting and ground-nesting species

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Abstract

Bees and wasps inhabiting steppe formations are, according to recent red lists, among the most endangered species, quickly disappearing from local faunas of central European countries. Several species, which are specialised nesters in empty gastropod shells, show the opposite pattern. Based on their distribution maps, we found that these species are recently more common and widespread than in the past. In contrast, the bee species nesting in the ground showed clearly the opposite result. They are much rarer now than in the past. Climatic data suggest that the bees nesting in gastropod shells have expanded towards higher altitudes and/or areas of lower mean July temperature. The main reasons of these distributional shifts are (i) unfavourable nature conservation management practices during the twentieth century, resulting in the successional shifts of steppe formations towards shrubs and mesic grasslands, (ii) human-driven change of many sites towards wood plantations or crop fields, and (iii) the increase of the number of available gastropod shells (i.e. nesting resources for shell-nesting bees) in steppe habitats as the response to the mentioned successional changes.

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Acknowledgements

We thank all museum curators and collection owners (listed in the Methods) for accessing the material and Radek Blatný for help with the English. This study was supported by Specific Research Grant from the University of Hradec Králové Nr. 2101/2018.

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  1. Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Hradec Králové, Rokitanského 62, 500 03, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic

    Petr Bogusch, Lucie Hlaváčková & Karel Šilhán

  2. Institute of Botany and Zoology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kotlářská 2, 611 37, Brno, Czech Republic

    Michal Horsák

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Bogusch, P., Hlaváčková, L., Šilhán, K. et al. Long-term changes of steppe-associated wild bees differ between shell-nesting and ground-nesting species. J Insect Conserv 24, 513–523 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10841-020-00232-4

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