Abstract
Species conservation with fragmented and endangered populations must be based on a prior and thorough knowledge of the structure and population dynamics. Oophaga lehmanni is a dendrobatid species endemic of Colombia and is restricted to its type locality. This species has a fragmented distribution and is considered as critically endangered mainly due to habitat destruction and overexploitation. Oophaga lehmanni exhibits phenotypic variation in the dorsal color pattern (red and yellow morphs). We reconstructed the overexploitation history that this species has faced in the last 40 years. In addition, we collected genetic and morphological data for the first time in natural populations to describe genetic diversity between and within populations, and to evaluate morphological and genetic differences between red and yellow morphs. Overexploitation data suggest that more than 80.000 (Min = 60.047–Max = 102.236) frogs were extracted from the field in the last four decades, probably generating the local extirpation or population decline from the type locality. Genetic data showed reduced genetic diversity. Observed heterozygosity (mean ± s.d. = 0.599 ± 0.165) is lower than expected (mean ± s.d. = 0.867 ± 0.082). We did not find differences in body size and heterozygosity between the two morphs; however, individuals analyzed were assigned to two genetic clusters, which corresponded to the O. lehmanni-yellow and O. lehmanni-red. In addition, FST (0.209) and Nei genetic distance (0.18) values indicated genetic differentiation between the two morphs; therefore, red and yellow morphs should be treated as independent management units. This information will help to define appropriate and long-term conservation units, as a useful tool to mitigate the extinction risk of this species.
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taken from Medina et al. (2013) and Nei genetic distance data ware calculate with their data
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23 June 2021
A Correction to this paper has been published: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10592-021-01383-w
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Acknowledgements
This work was supported by Asociación Colombiana de Herpetología-ACH—Botas al Campo (Grant 01-2014 to MBC), Iniciativa de Especies Amenazadas Jorge Ignacio Hernández-Camacho and Fundación Omacha (Grant 04-2015 to MBC), Consejo Profesional de Biología—CPBiol (Grant 07-2016 to MBC), Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de los Andes—Colombia (Seed Grant 2014-1 to MBC), Departamento Administrativo de Ciencia, Tecnología e Innovación—COLCIENCIAS and Empresa de Energía del Pacifico—EPSA (734-2015). The funders had no role in study design, data collection, and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. We are highly thankful to RF Molina, LA Barragan, A Zarling, M Guayara, C Amorocho, L Tabares and JD Rueda for their help in the samples collection and lab work. To V Santamaria and Tesoros de Colombia for providing us data about poison frogs reproduction in captivity. To HN Vargas for its friendly management in achieving financing. To R Marquez for helpful comments and suggestions that greatly improved this manuscript. To Instituto de Protección y Bienestar Animal de la Alcaldía de Bogotá for providing us with data on frog confiscations.
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Betancourth-Cundar, M., Palacios-Rodríguez, P., Mejía-Vargas, D. et al. Genetic differentiation and overexploitation history of the critically endangered Lehmann’s Poison Frog: Oophaga lehmanni. Conserv Genet 21, 453–465 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10592-020-01262-w
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10592-020-01262-w