Abstract
Ni–W alloy coatings have various applications because they are capable of replacing hard chromium coatings due to their corrosion, oxidation, wear, and hardness properties. Moreover, these alloys demonstrate excellent mechanical and thermal stability at high temperatures leading to possible specialized applications of such coatings. In this study, the effect of pulse frequency and current density on the structure and properties of electrodeposited Ni–W coating were investigated. Pulse electro-co-deposition technique was employed to synthesize Ni–W alloy coatings by varying pulse frequency and current density. The deposition process was performed in the newly established deposition bath that does not contain surfactants and stress-relieving agents. The Ni–W-coated samples were evaluated to determine surface mechanical (microhardness and wear) and electrochemical properties. Phase formation, microstructure, and compositional analysis of Ni–W alloy coatings were examined by XRD, SEM, and EDS, respectively. Microstructure examination revealed that morphology of the coating varied with pulsed frequency and current density. An increase in the current density at fixed pulse frequency improved the surface mechanical properties (hardness and wear properties) owing to higher W content, fine, and dense structure of the coating. The maximum hardness (920 HV) and wear resistance were observed in the Ni–W coating that was obtained at the current density of 60 mA cm−2 and frequency of 2 kHz. Electrochemical polarization test and EIS study carried out in 3.5 wt pct NaCl solution reveal that a decrease in corrosion resistance of the coating is due to finer morphology or strained matrix whereas higher W content improves the corrosion resistance.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
F-J. He, M. Wang, and X. Lu: Trans. Nonferrous Metals Soc. China, 2006, vol. 16, pp. 1289–1294.
L. Anicai: Corros. Rev, 2007, vol. 25, pp. 607–620.
E. Brooman: Met. Finish, 2000, vol. 98, pp. 39–45.
S. Kirihara, Y. Umeda, K. Tashiro, H. Honma, and O. Takai: Trans. Mater. Res. Soc. Jpn., 2016, vol. 41, pp. 35–39.
A. Jones, J. Hamann, A. Lund, and C. Schuh: Plat. Surf. Finish, 2010, vol. 97, pp. 52.
N.P. Wasekar and G. Sundararajan: Wear, 2015, vol. 342, pp. 340–348.
J.L. Stojak, J. Fransaer, and J.B. Talbot: Adv. Electrochem. Sci. Eng., 2001, vol. 7, pp. 193-223.
R.K. Saha and T.I. Khan: Surf. Coat. Technol., 2010, vol. 205, pp. 890-895.
M. Obradovic, J. Stevanovic, A. Despic, R. Stevanovic, and J. Stoch: J. Serb. Chem. Soc, 2001, vol. 66, pp. 899-912.
M. Obradovic, J. Stevanovic, A.R. Despic, and R. Stevanovic: J. Serb. Chem. Soc., 1999, vol. 64, pp. 245-257.
D.R. Gabe: J. Appl. Electrochem., 1997, vol. 27, pp. 908-915.
O. Younces and E. Gileady: J. Electrochem. Soc., 2002, vol. 149, pp. 100-111.
E. Slavcheva, W. Mokwa, and U. Schnakenberg: Electrochim. Acta, 2005, vol. 50, pp. 5573-5580.
I. Mizushima, P. Tang, H. Hansen, and M. Somers: Electrochim. Acta, 2005, vol. 51, pp. 888-896.
T. Yamasaki, P. Schlossmacher, K. Ehrlich, and Y. Oginoi: NanoStruct. Mater., 1998, vol. 10, pp. 375-388.
H. Lowe, W. Ehrfeld, and J. Diebel: Proc. SPIE., 1997, vol. 168, pp. 3223-3226.
V.B. Singh, L.C. Singh, and P.K. Tikoo: J. Electrochem. Soc., 1980, vol. 127, pp. 590-596.
https://www.enthone.com_PWA 36975: Electroplated NiW—thin deposit (Enloy Ni-500).
O. Younes and E. Gileadi: Electrochem. Solid-State Lett., 2000, vol. 3, pp. 543-545.
L. Namburi: M.Sc. Thesis, Louisiana State University, 2001.
M. Donten, Z. Stojek, and H. Cesiulis: J. Electrochem. Soc., 2003, vol. 150, pp. 95-98.
O. Younes, L. Zhu, Y. Rosenberg, Y. Shacham-Diamand, and Gileadi: Langmuir., 2001, vol. 17, pp. 8270–75.
L. Zhu, O. Younes, N. Ashkenasy, Y. Shacham-Diamand, and E. Gileadi: Appl. Surf. Sci., 2002, vol. 200, pp. 1-14.
O. Younes-Metzler, L. Zhu, and E. Gileadi: Electrochim. Acta, 2003, vol. 48 (18), pp. 2551-2562.
M. Metikoš-Huković, Z. Grubač, N. Radić, and A. Tonejc: J. Mol. Catal. A Chem., 2006, vol. 249, pp. 172–180.
E. Hristova, M. Mitov, R. Rashkov, M. Arnaudova, and A. Popov: Bulg. Chem. Commun, 2008, vol. 40, pp. 291–294.
A. Kawashima, E. Akiyama, H. Habazaki, and K. Hashimoto: Mater. Sci. Eng. A, 1997, vol. 226, pp. 905–909.
G.S. Tasić, U. Lačnjevac, M.M. Tasić, M.M. Kaninski, V.M. Nikolić, D.L. Žugić, and V.D. Jović: Int. J. Hydrog. Energy, 2013, vol. 38, pp. 4291–4297.
C. González-Buch, I. Herraiz-Cardona, E.M. Ortega, J. García-Antón, and V. Pérez-Herranz: Chem. Eng. Trans., 2013, vol. 32, pp. 865–870.
H. Cesiulis and E.J. Podlaha-Murphy: MaterialsScience (Medziagotyra), 2003, vol. 9, pp. 329-333.
T. Yamasaki, P. Schloβmacher, E. Erlich, Y. Ogino: Nano Structured Mater., 1998, vol. 10, pp. 375-388.
S. Shajahan and A. Basu: Int. J. Mater. Res., 2019, vol. 110, pp. 1160-1167.
E. Beltowska-Lehman, P. Indyka, A. Bigos, M. Szczerba, J. Guspiel, H. Koscielny, and M. Kot: Mater.Chem. Phys., 2016, vol. 173, pp. 524-533.
K.-H. Hou and Y.-C. Chen: Appl. Surf. Sci., 2011, vol. 257, pp. 6340–6346.
K.R. Sriraman, S. Ganesh-Sundara-Raman, and S.K. Seshadri: Mater. Sci. Eng. A, 2006, vol. 418, pp. 303–311.
K.A. Kumar, G.P. Kalaignann, and V.S. Muralidharan: Appl. Surf. Sci., 2012, vol. 259, pp. 231–237.
M.Q. Arganaraz, S. Ribotta, M. Folquer, L. Gassa, G. Benítez, M. Vela, and R. Salvarezza: Electrochim. Acta, 2011, vol. 56, pp. 5898–5903.
H. Goldasteh and S. Rastegari: Surf. Coat. Technol., 2014, vol. 259, pp. 393–400.
S. Franz, A. Marlot, P. Cavallotti, and D. Landolt: Trans. IMF, 2008, vol. 86, pp. 92–97.
A. Chianpairot, G. Lothongkum, C.A. Schuh, and Y. Boonyongmaneerat: Corrosion Science, 2011, vol. 53, pp. 1066–1071.
P.N. Wasekar, S.M. Latha, M. Ramakrishna, D.S. Rao, and G. Sundararajan: Mater. Design, 2016, vol. 112, pp. 140–150.
D. Landolt and M. Datta: Surf. Technol., 1985, vol. 25, pp. 97-110.
A.M. El-Sherik, U. Erb, and J. Page: Surf. Coat. Technol., 1997, vol. 88, pp. 70-78.
B.Wu, Z Liu, A Keigler, and J. Harrell: J. Electrochem. Soc., 2005, vol. 152, pp. 272–276.
C.A. Schuh, T.G. Nieh, and H. Iwasaki: Acta Mater., 2003, vol. 51, pp. 431–443
Y.-K. Ko, G.-H. Chang, and J.-H. Lee: Solid State Phenomena, 2007, vol. 124-126, pp. 1589-1592.
M. Stern: J. Electrochem. Soc., 1958, vol. 105, pp. 638–647.
R. Haldhar, D. Prasad, A. Saxena, and R. Kumar: Sustain. Chem. Pharmacy, 2018, vol. 9, pp. 95-105.
R. Haldhar, D. Prasad, and A. Saxena: J. Environ. Chem. Eng., 2018, vol. 6, pp. 5230-5238.
R. Haldhar, D. Prasad, A. Saxena and A. Kaur: Eur. Phys. J. Plus, 2018, vol. 133, pp. 0–18.
R. Haldhar, D. Prasad, A. Saxena, and P. Singh: Mater. Chem. Front., 2018, vol. 2, pp. 1225-1237.
R. Haldhar, D. Prasad, and A. Saxena: J. Environ. Chem. Eng., 2018, vol. 6, pp. 2290-301.
R. Haldhar, D. Prasad and N. Bhardwaj: Arab. J. Sci. Eng., 2020, vol. 45, pp. 131-141.
R. Haldhar, D. Prasad, and N. Bhardwaj: J. Adhes. Sci. Technol., 2019, vol. 33, pp. 1169-1183.
A. Saxena, D. Prasad, and R. Haldhar, G. Singh and A. Kumar: J. Mol. Liq., 2018, vol. 258, pp. 89-97.
A. Saxena, D. Prasad, and R. Haldhar: J. Mater. Sci., 2018, vol. 53, pp. 1-13.
Acknowledgments
Partial financial support of this work from the Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, India (Grant No. (0755)/17/EMR-II), is gratefully acknowledged. XRD-Texture laboratory at Department of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering, NIT Rourkela, supported by DST-FIST (Grant No: SR/FST/ETI-344-/2013 C and G) is also acknowledged.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Additional information
Publisher's Note
Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.
Manuscript submitted November 5, 2019.
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Kolle, M.K., Shajahan, S. & Basu, A. Effect of Electrodeposition Current and Pulse Parameter on Surface Mechanical and Electrochemical Behavior of Ni–W Alloy Coatings. Metall Mater Trans A 51, 3721–3731 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11661-020-05787-0
Received:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11661-020-05787-0