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Physiological limits to inshore invasion of Indo-Pacific lionfish (Pterois spp.): insights from the functional characteristics of their visual system and hypoxia tolerance

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Abstract

Indo-Pacific lionfish (Pterois spp.) have become established throughout the Caribbean and the coastal regions of the Gulf of Mexico and western Atlantic Ocean from North Carolina to central Brazil. Lionfish may also invade estuaries, as they tolerate salinities down to 4‰. We hypothesize that the functional characteristics of their visual system (which evolved in the clear tropical waters of the Indo-Pacific) or their inability to tolerate hypoxia will limit the capacity of lionfish to occupy these areas. We assessed the former with corneal electroretinography and the latter with intermittent-flow respirometry. The luminous sensitivity, temporal resolution (quantified as flicker fusion frequency), and spectral sensitivity of the lionfish visual system are like those of native piscivores, indicating that their visual system will be functional under estuarine photic conditions and allow lionfish to be effective piscivores. In contrast, acute exposure to reduced oxygen levels (equivalent to those commonly occurring in mid-Atlantic and Gulf of Mexico estuaries) exceeded the physiological tolerances of lionfish. We therefore conclude that hypoxia will control or limit estuarine invasion.

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Acknowledgements

This work was supported by the Rock the Ocean Foundation and Allen Levan. AZH was supported by NSF 1600691 and NSF 1846004. Special thanks to Dynasty Marine Associates Inc. in assisting with lionfish collections, Megan Byer who assisted with eye dissections, and Brian Naff who provided invaluable fish husbandry experience. This is contribution number 3882 from the Virginia Institute of Marine Science, College of William & Mary.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Marine and Environmental Sciences, Halmos College of Natural Sciences and Oceanography, Nova Southeastern University, Fort Lauderdale, FL, 33004, USA

    Aaron Hasenei & David W. Kerstetter

  2. Department of Marine and Environmental Science, Hampton University, Hampton, VA, 23668, USA

    Andrij Z. Horodysky

  3. Department of Fisheries Science, Virginia Institute of Marine Science, Gloucester Point, VA, 23062, USA

    Richard W. Brill

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  1. Aaron Hasenei
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  2. David W. Kerstetter
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Correspondence to Richard W. Brill.

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Hasenei, A., Kerstetter, D.W., Horodysky, A.Z. et al. Physiological limits to inshore invasion of Indo-Pacific lionfish (Pterois spp.): insights from the functional characteristics of their visual system and hypoxia tolerance. Biol Invasions 22, 2079–2097 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10530-020-02241-5

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