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Effect of Leaching and Fungal Attacks During Storage on Chemical Properties of Raw and Torrefied Biomasses

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Abstract

Coffee husk, eucalyptus, and pine residues were torrefied at 290 °C in a screw reactor, during 5, 10, 15 or 20 min. The effects of feedstock type and torrefaction process parameters (holding time) on their energy characteristics were investigated. Raw and torrefied biomasses were then submitted successively to leaching and to white and brown rot fungi, to mimic storage conditions. Mass loss after leaching step, water content and weight loss due to fungal deterioration after 2, 4, 8, 12, 16 weeks were recorded. The chemical composition and high heating value (HHV) of the torrefied samples were measured to determine the alterations compared to raw biomass during their storage. Increasing torrefaction residence time improves the decay resistance of the biomasses. Variation of carbon content (%wt., dry basis) and HHV (kJ/kg, dry basis) were observed during native and torrefied biomasses fungal degradations. Carbon contents and HHV values of raw and torrefied biomasses decreased during Trametes versicolor exposure [49.65% > C > 44.07% and 19.71 kJ/kg > HHV > 17.19 kJ/kg, results from results from all tests combined.], whereas they increased during exposure to Coniophora puteana [46.15% < C < 52.70% and 17.43 kJ/kg < HHV < 20.74 kJ/kg]. Severe torrefaction is therefore a good way to improve coffee husk, eucalyptus, and pine energy properties while limiting loss of their energy properties during storage.

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Abbreviations

PINE:

Pinus Sp. biomass sample

EUCA:

Eucalyptus Spp. biomass sample

CH:

Coffee husks (Coffea Arabica L.) biomass sample

CH-HT-5:

Coffee husks—heat treated at 290 °C—during 5 min (given for example, the same indexing is used for the different biomass and torrefaction residence time).

CH-Ref:

Coffee husks (Coffea Arabica L.) reference (raw biomass) sample (given for example, the same indexing is used for the different biomass reference).

TV:

Trametes versicolor Fungi (white rot)

CP:

Coniophora puteana Fungi (brown rot)

CH-HT-5 (TV):

Coffee husks—heat treated at 290 °C—during 5 min and exposed to Trametes versicolor fungi (given for example, the same indexing is used for the different biomass, torrefaction residence time and fungi exposures)

MLtt :

Mass loss of the sample due to torrefaction process (in %, dry basis)

Ext.:

Extractives content of the sample (in %, dry basis)

ML leach :

Mass loss of the sample due to leaching process (in %, dry basis)

Water Content:

Water content of the sample due to fungal exposure (in %, wet basis)

WL:

Weight loss of the sample due to fungal degradation (in %, dry basis)

C:

Carbon content of the sample (in %, dry basis)

H:

Hydrogen content of the sample (in %, dry basis)

N:

Nitrogen content of the sample (in %, dry basis)

H/C:

Hydrogen/Carbon molar ratio

HHV0 :

Higher heating value at constant volume of the dry (moisture-free) sample (in kJ/kg, dry basis)

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Acknowledgements

The authors gratefully acknowledge the National Council for Scientific and Technological Development (CNPq) for the financial support granted to Bruno De Freitas Homem De Faria allowing him to carry out this PhD in collaboration with BioWooEB-CIRAD Institute.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Departamento de Engenharia Florestal, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Brazil

    Bruno De Freitas Homem De Faria & Angélica De Cássia Oliveira Carneiro

  2. CIRAD, UPR BioWooEB, 34398, Montpellier, France

    Charline Lanvin, Jeremy Valette, Patrick Rousset & Kévin Candelier

  3. BioWooEB, Univ. Montpellier, CIRAD, Montpellier, France

    Charline Lanvin, Jeremy Valette, Patrick Rousset & Kévin Candelier

  4. Departamento de Engenharia Mecânica, Universidade de Brasília, Brasília, Brazil

    Armando Caldeira-Pires

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  1. Bruno De Freitas Homem De Faria
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De Freitas Homem De Faria, B., Lanvin, C., Valette, J. et al. Effect of Leaching and Fungal Attacks During Storage on Chemical Properties of Raw and Torrefied Biomasses. Waste Biomass Valor 12, 1447–1463 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12649-020-01081-7

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