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σ-Phase Formation in Super Austenitic Stainless Steel During Directional Solidification and Subsequent Phase Transformations

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Abstract

The solidification path and the σ-phase precipitation mechanism in the S31254 (UNS designation) steel are investigated thanks to Quenching during Directional Solidification (QDS) experiments accompanied by scanning electron microscopy observations and electron backscattered diffraction (EBSD) analysis. Considering experimental conditions, the γ-austenite is found to be the primary solidifying phase (1430 °C), followed by δ-ferrite (1400 °C, ≈ 87 pct solid fraction). The σ-phase appears in the solid-state through the eutectoid decomposition of the δ-ferrite: δ → σ + γ2 (1210 °C), whereas the σ-phase is predicted to form from the austenite at 1096 °C in equilibrium conditions. The resulting temperatures of solidification path and phase transformation are compared with Gulliver–Scheil model and equilibrium calculations predicted using Thermo-Calc© software. It is shown that the thermodynamics calculations agree with experimental results of solidification path. The EBSD analysis show that the δ-ferrite has δNW2 ORs with the σ-phase.

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Acknowledgments

The assistance of E. Etienne and S. Mathieu (Centre de Compétences Microscopie, Microsondes et Métallographie, CC3M, Institut Jean Lamour) for the EBSD preparation and analysis was greatly appreciated. Financial support from Industeel and ANRT under a CIFRE Ph.D. fellowship (Grant Number 2016-0780) is gratefully acknowledged.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Metallurgy and Materials Science and Engineering, Institut Jean Lamour, UMR CNRS 7198, Université de Lorraine, 54000, Nancy, France

    Raphaël Marin, Hervé Combeau, Julien Zollinger & Bernard Rouat

  2. CIRIMAT, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, Toulouse, France

    Raphaël Marin & Moukrane Dehmas

  3. Industeel, Centre de Recherche des Matériaux du Creusot (CRMC), 71200, Le Creusot, France

    Raphaël Marin, Aude Lamontagne, Natalia Loukachenko & Lucile Lhenry-Robert

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  1. Raphaël Marin
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  2. Hervé Combeau
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Correspondence to Julien Zollinger.

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Manuscript submitted October 28, 2019.

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Marin, R., Combeau, H., Zollinger, J. et al. σ-Phase Formation in Super Austenitic Stainless Steel During Directional Solidification and Subsequent Phase Transformations. Metall Mater Trans A 51, 3526–3534 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11661-020-05794-1

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11661-020-05794-1

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