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A new species of Isodictya (Porifera: Poecilosclerida) from the Southern Ocean

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Abstract

We discovered a new species of Porifera belonging to the genus Isodictya Bowerbank, 1864 during cruises aboard R/V Hesperides in Antarctica. Collected samples are mostly part of the surveys of the Spanish project BENTART whose main objective has been to study the benthic communities inhabiting sea bottoms of Livingston and Deception Island in the South Shetlands archipelago and the Antarctic Peninsula. Isodictya filiformis sp. nov., described here, is characterized by its fragile and thin morphology (very different from other known species in the area) and by having microxeas as additional microscleres. Three specimens were collected from Marguerite Bay, Low Island and Deception Island (Antarctic Peninsula) and one specimen at Peter I Island (Bellingshausen Sea). Its presence in Peter Island is quite relevant as this location is 390 km away from the nearest coast in the Bellingshausen Sea, an area that has scarcely been investigated in the past. However, results from the Bentart 03 Expedition seem to indicate that Peter I Island has a wide variety of benthic organisms, in contrast to the deep adjacent areas of Bellingshausen Sea. Apart from the morphological analyses, we place the new Isodictya species within its phylogenetic context using two nuclear markers (18S rDNA and 28S rDNA) and provide some information about the ecological preferences of the new species.

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Acknowledgements

We are grateful to Clare Valentine of the Natural History Museum of London (NHM) who kindly provided the material of material Isodictya delicata var. megachela NHMUK 1933.3.17.7 (wet specimen) and NHMUK 1933.3.17.7a (slide) for examination. We would like to thank the crew and UTM technicians of R/V ‘Hespérides’, who helped in the collection of samples, Ana Ramos and the colleagues of BENTART team and to Manuel Ballesteros, Conxita Avila and Laura Núñez-Pons, colleagues of ECOQUIM and ACTIQUIM, who helped in several parts of this work. We also thank the reviewers for their constructive comments to a previous version of this manuscript.

Funding

This study was funded by the BENTART projects: Spanish Ministry of Science and Technology REN2001-1074ANT, REN2003-01881/ANT, REN2003-00545/ANT and MEC CGL2004-21066-E and a contribution to the ECOQUIM-2 (CGL2004-03356/ANT) and ACTIQUIM (CGL2007-65453/ANT) projects. The ‘BENTART-06′ cruise was funded by the Antarctic Programme GLC2004-01856/ANT of the Spanish Government. Sequencing was performed using internal funds to AR at the Natural History Museum of London (DIF: SDF14029).

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Ríos, P., Riesgo, A., Taboada, S. et al. A new species of Isodictya (Porifera: Poecilosclerida) from the Southern Ocean. Polar Biol 43, 523–533 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00300-020-02654-x

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