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Use of Bacteriophages to Control Vibrio Contamination of Microalgae Used as a Food Source for Oyster Larvae During Hatchery Culture

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Abstract

Cultured microalgae are the primary food source for oyster larvae during hatchery culture and are a potential vector for Vibrio spp. infection of larval cultures. Bacteriophages have shown potential for controlling contamination of Vibrio spp. in aquaculture systems and their application could be an effective biological control method to eliminate such bacterial contamination of microalgae. This study investigated whether Vibrio-free microalgae sources could be ensured via the application of Vibrio specific phages. As a first step, four different Vibrio bacteriophages (belonging to the Myoviridae viral family) were isolated from marine waters in Queensland, Australia and used in challenge tests against a Vibrio host species, previously isolated from New South Wales oyster hatchery and found to be closely related to V. alginolyticus (ATCC 17749). The genome sequence of one of the four isolated bacteriophages, Vibrio Φ-2, that displayed strongest virulence against the host was determined. The 242446 bp genome of this bacteriophage was predicted to encode 217 proteins with an average GC content of 43.91%, containing putative thymidine kinases and a lysin enzyme. Application of these bacteriophages to pathogenic Vibrio spp. contaminating microalgae suspensions resulted in significant decreases in their numbers within 2 h. Findings indicated that direct application of bacteriophages to microalgae suspensions could be an effective method of reducing the occurrence of vibriosis in oyster hatcheries.

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Acknowledgments

Tuan Son Le would like to acknowledge MOET-VIED/USC PhD scholarship. Authors would like to thank Global Catalog of Microorganisms (GCM) (Wu et al. 2018) [47] for the phage genome analysis. Australian provisional patent application (#2019900622) covers information presented in this article.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Research Institute for Marine Fisheries, 224 Le Lai, Ngo Quyen, Hai Phong, 180000, Vietnam

    Tuan Son Le

  2. Australian Centre for Pacific Islands Research and School of Science and Engineering, University of the Sunshine Coast, Maroochydore DC, QLD, 4558, Australia

    Paul C. Southgate

  3. NSW Fisheries, Port Stephens Fisheries Institute, Taylors Beach, NSW, 2316, Australia

    Wayne O’Connor

  4. GeneCology Research Centre and School of Science and Engineering, University of the Sunshine Coast, Maroochydore DC, QLD, 4558, Australia

    Tuan Son Le, Tomer Abramov, Daniel Shelley, Sang V. Vu & D. İpek Kurtböke

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  1. Tuan Son Le
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Le, T.S., Southgate, P.C., O’Connor, W. et al. Use of Bacteriophages to Control Vibrio Contamination of Microalgae Used as a Food Source for Oyster Larvae During Hatchery Culture. Curr Microbiol 77, 1811–1820 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00284-020-01981-w

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