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CCS52 and DEL1 function in root-knot nematode giant cell development in Xinjiang wild myrobalan plum (Prunus sogdiana Vassilcz)

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Abstract

Root-knot nematodes (RKNs) are highly invasive plant parasites that establish permanent feeding sites within the roots of the host plant. Successful establishment of the feeding site is essential for the survival of RKN. The formation and development of the feeding cell, also called giant cell, involve both cell division and endoreduplication. Here, we examined giant cell development and endoreduplication in Prunus sogdiana infected with the RKN. We found that feeding sites were established 3–5 days post inoculation (dpi) and matured at 21–28 dpi. The giant cells began to form 5 dpi and continued to increase in size from 7 to 21 dpi. The large numbers of dividing nuclei were observed in giant cells from 7 to 14 dpi. However, nuclear division was rarely observed after 28 days. RT-PCR and in situ hybridization analyses revealed that PsoCCS52A was abundantly expressed at 7–21 dpi and the PsoCCS52A signal observed in giant cell nucleus at 7–14 dpi. The PsoCCS52B is highly expressed at 14 dpi, and the hybridization signal was mainly in the cytoplasm of giant cells. The PsoDEL1 expression was lowest 7–21 dip, with negligible transcript detected in the giant cells. This indicates that the PsoCCS52A plays a role in the process of cell division, while the CCS52B plays a role in the development of giant cells. The PsoDEL1 plays a negative regulatory role in megakaryocyte nuclear replication. These data suggest that an increased expression of PsoCCS52A promotes nuclear division and produces a large number of polyploid nuclei, the area of giant cells and feeding sites increase, ultimately leading to the formation of galls in Prunus sogdiana.

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Funding

This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (31972360).

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Author notes

  1. Kun Xiao and Weiyang Chen contributed equally to this work.

Authors and Affiliations

  1. College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China

    Kun Xiao, Weiyang Chen, Xuefeng Chen, Xiang Zhu & Jianfang Hu

  2. Institute of Laboratory Animal Science, Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese, Guiyang, 550025, China

    Xiang Zhu

  3. Molecular Cell Biology, Botanical Institute, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Fritz-Haber-Weg 4, 76131, Karlsruhe, Germany

    Pingyin Guan

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  1. Kun Xiao
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  2. Weiyang Chen
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Contributions

WYC, XFC, and JFH designed experiments; WYC performed the most of the experiments; KX, WYC, and XFC analyzed experimental data; KX, XFC, and XZ performed some experiments; and KX, PYG, and JFH wrote the manuscript.

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Correspondence to Pingyin Guan or Jianfang Hu.

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Xiao, K., Chen, W., Chen, X. et al. CCS52 and DEL1 function in root-knot nematode giant cell development in Xinjiang wild myrobalan plum (Prunus sogdiana Vassilcz). Protoplasma 257, 1333–1344 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00709-020-01505-0

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