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Application of microscopic transport model in the study of nuclear equation of state from heavy ion collisions at intermediate energies

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Abstract

The equation of state (EOS) of nuclear matter, i.e., the thermodynamic relationship between the binding energy per nucleon, temperature, density, as well as the isospin asymmetry, has been a hot topic in nuclear physics and astrophysics for a long time. The knowledge of the nuclear EOS is essential for studying the properties of nuclei, the structure of neutron stars, the dynamics of heavy ion collision (HIC), as well as neutron star mergers. HIC offers a unique way to create nuclear matter with high density and isospin asymmetry in terrestrial laboratory, but the formed dense nuclear matter exists only for a very short period, one cannot measure the nuclear EOS directly in experiments. Practically, transport models which often incorporate phenomenological potentials as an input are utilized to deduce the EOS from the comparison with the observables measured in laboratory. The ultrarelativistic quantum molecular dynamics (UrQMD) model has been widely employed for investigating HIC from the Fermi energy (40 MeV per nucleon) up to the CERN Large Hadron Collider energies (TeV). With further improvement in the nuclear mean-field potential term, the collision term, and the cluster recognition term of the UrQMD model, the newly measured collective flow and nuclear stopping data of light charged particles by the FOPI Collaboration can be reproduced. In this article we highlight our recent results on the studies of the nuclear EOS and the nuclear symmetry energy with the UrQMD model. New opportunities and challenges in the extraction of the nuclear EOS from transport models and HIC experiments are discussed.

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Acknowledgements

We are very grateful to Zhuxia Li, Hongfei Zhang, Chenchen Guo, Arnaud Le Fèvre, Yvonne Leifels, and Wolfgang Trautmann for collaborating with us on some of the topics discussed in this review. The authors acknowledge supports by the computing server C3S2 in Huzhou University. The work was supported in part by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos. 11875125, 11947410, and 11505057), and the Zhejiang Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant Nos. LY18A050002 and LY19A050001, and the “Ten Thousand Talent Program” of Zhejiang Province (Grant No. 2018R52017).

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  1. School of Science, Huzhou University, Huzhou, 313000, China

    Yong-Jia Wang & Qing-Feng Li

  2. Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, 730000, China

    Qing-Feng Li

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Correspondence to Qing-Feng Li.

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arXiv: 2004.11737.

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Wang, YJ., Li, QF. Application of microscopic transport model in the study of nuclear equation of state from heavy ion collisions at intermediate energies. Front. Phys. 15, 44302 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11467-020-0964-6

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