Abstract
Cattle degrade streams by increasing sediment, nutrient, and fecal bacteria levels. Riparian fencing is one best management practice that may protect water quality within many grazed lands. Here we surveyed the literature and summarized the responses of sediment, nutrient, and fecal indicator bacteria levels to riparian exclosure fencing in cattle-grazed lands. Overall, our review of relevant literature supports the role of riparian exclosure fencing in reducing the negative impact of cattle on water quality, particularly for sediment and fecal indicator bacteria in temperate forest and temperate grassland streams. Establishing buffer widths > 5–10 m appears to increase the likelihood of water quality improvements. Fencing may also be effective at reducing pollutant inputs during stormflows. Our survey also identified critical spatial and thematic gaps that future research programs should address. Despite cattle grazing being prevalent in 12 terrestrial biomes, our systematic search of the empirical literature identified 26 relevant studies across only three biomes. Regions with the greatest cattle populations remain largely unstudied. In addition, we identified inconsistencies in how studies reported information on regional factors, cattle management, and other metrics related to study results. We provide a list of standard parameters for future studies to consider reporting to improve cross-study comparisons of riparian fencing impacts. We also encourage future studies in semi-arid and tropical regions where cattle grazing is common.
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We thank the anonymous reviewers and Editor Dr Jason Taylor for constructive comments on the paper. Drs Asja Korajkic and Paul Mayer provided useful feedback that we incorporated in earlier drafts. Although this work was reviewed by United States Environmental Protection Agency and approved for publication, it might not necessarily reflect official Agency policy. Mention of trade names or commercial products does not constitute endorsement or recommendation for use.
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Grudzinski, B., Fritz, K. & Dodds, W. Does Riparian Fencing Protect Stream Water Quality in Cattle-Grazed Lands?. Environmental Management 66, 121–135 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00267-020-01297-2
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00267-020-01297-2