Self-directed learning with knowledge management model to enhance digital literacy abilities

Abstract

Self-Directed Learning (SDL) is a process in which adult learners initiate their inner motivation to learn by themselves to increase their knowledge, skills and experiences from resources and evaluating learning outcomes. Knowledge Management (KM) is the process of creating, sharing, using and managing the knowledge and resources of an organization. Learners use KM to gain their knowledge. To access to these resources, the learners must know Digital Literacy Abilities (DLA). We developed a model for SDL with KM to enhance DLA: The model was synthesized from related works and verified by five experts in various fields. Data instrument was derived from focus group discussion including a five-level Likert scale of the appropriateness of the model, and experts’ opinions and recommendations. Then, collected data were analyzed with content analysis; mean ($\bar {x}$), standard deviation (S.D.). After discussion, the model was adjusted according to the experts’ recommendations. It contained three circles from inner to outer: SDL, KM, and DLA, respectively. SDL had four steps: readiness triggers, setting goal and planning, learning activities, and learning’s evaluation. KM contained five steps: knowledge discovery, knowledge capture and storage, knowledge application and distribution, knowledge evaluation, and knowledge creation. DLA had four aspects: operation literacy, analysis and evaluation literacy, value and creation literacy, and social-culture-organization cooperation literacy. Overall, the results of analyzed data from the experts towards on appropriateness of the model were at high level ($\bar {x}$ = 4.4, S.D. = 0.6). This model will be continued to implement for adult learners’ activities.

Appendix 1

Items	Level of appropriateness
	5	4	3	2	1
Part 1: Components of the model based on theoretical frameworks
1. Self-Directed Learning (SDL) contains 5 components
1.1 Readiness trigger
1.2 Setting goals
1.3 Planning
1.4 Learning activities
1.5 Learning evaluation
2. Knowledge Management (KM) contains 5 components
2.1 Knowledge discovery
2.2 Knowledge capture and storage
2.3 Knowledge evaluation
2.4 Knowledge application and distribution
2.5 Knowledge creation
Part 2: Steps of the model
Step 1. Readiness trigger
Step 2. Setting goals
Step 3. Planning
Step 4. Learning activities
4.1 Knowledge discovery
4.2 Knowledge capture and storage
4.3 Knowledge application and distribution
Step 5. Learning evaluation
5.1 Knowledge evaluation
5.2 Knowledge creation
Part 3: Implementing technology supporting the model
1. Readiness trigger: Learners are triggered to learn from information, media online, posters, emails
2. Setting goal: Learners set their goal of learning by themselves or instructors provide the learners learning objectives
3. Planning: Learners arrange their learning schedules by themselves or instructors arrange learning schedules and inform learners about the learning plans via emails and/or schedule’s notifications
4. Learning activities: During learning activities, learners can
4.1 Discover their knowledge using content management system (CMS)
4.2 Capture and keep knowledge in their brains and/or database systems
4.3 Apply and share their knowledge to each other via online systems
5. Learning evaluation: After learning activities, learners can
5.1 Evaluate their knowledge by tests via evaluation systems and know the results
5.2 Create new knowledge using production software such as Microsoft Word, PowerPoint, etc
Part 4: Learning activities with instructors based on the model
1. Readiness trigger
Out-of-class learning activities
1.1 Learners are triggered from brochures, media online, etc
1.2 Learners have questions by themselves to find desired answers
1.3 Learners are invited from their friends or colleagues
1.4 Learners expect to learn for better job positions or are assigned new tasks
In-class learning activities
1.5 Instructors share knowledge to the learners
1.6 Learners or classmates help each other set questions for finding answers
1.7 Learners are interested in and encourage to learn
2. Setting goals
Out-of-class learning activities
2.1 Learners discover their knowledge by themselves via websites or online
In-class learning activities
2.2 Learners are trained by instructors or experts
3. Planning
3.1 Learners arrange learning plans by themselves
3.2 Instructors plan learning activities for learners and notify them via emails or calendars
4. Learning activities
4.1 Knowledge discovery
Out-of-class learning activities
4.1.1 Learners discover their knowledge by themselves via websites or online or synthesize their previous knowledge
4.1.2 Learners discover their knowledge from experts’ researches or related papers
4.1.3 Learners are advised from experts via emails or online chats
In-class learning activities
4.1.4 Learners receive their knowledge directly from instructors classmates and/or experts
4.2 knowledge capture and storage
Out-of-class learning activities
4.2.1 Learners gain their knowledge from experts and/or instructors by asking questions via emails or online chats
4.2.2 Learners capture knowledge and information that is of interest from websites
4.2.3 Learners keep their knowledge in their knowledge archives and/or on their computers for later use
In-class learning activities
4.2.4 Learners capture specific knowledge related to their tasks from instructors or their classmates
4.2.5 Learners keep knowledge in their knowledge archives and/or their computer
4.3 knowledge application and distribution
4.3.1 Learners apply the knowledge gained from self-directed learning to improve their work and to share it with others
5. Learning evaluation
5.1 knowledge evaluation
5.1.1 Knowledge that learners receive after the end of the learning process from the instructors, during learning activities and outside learning activities. Regarding the assessment of digital literacy abilities is an assessment form of the operation literacy, analysis and evaluation literacy, value and creation literacy, valuation creation and social-culture- organization cooperation literacy
5.1.2 Knowledge that learners receive after the end of the learning process from the instructor. During learning activities and outside learning activities. The exercise is the test of knowledge and understanding about the content of the lesson before and after, in terms of knowledge, ideas, abilities and attitudes
5.2 knowledge creation
5.2.1 The learners use the knowledge they have learned to research further into new ideas to improve their work efficiency
5.2.2 The learners use the knowledge they have learned to improve the organization