Abstract
A sandstone aquifer covers the primary mineable coal seam within the Jurassic Ningdong coal field in western China and threatens the safety of mining the shallow seam. Although geological boreholes were located in and surrounding the study area, no hydrogeological boreholes existed within it, so six factors (the ratio between the sandstone aquifer and entire strata thicknesses, sandstone thickness, grit thickness, number of sandstone layers, fault fractal dimension, and fold fractal dimension) were used as indicators of aquifer permeability. Using a pair-wise comparison approach, the influence weights of these six factors on the permeability coefficient were defined as 0.131, 0.243, 0.161, 0.106, 0.197, and 0.161, respectively. Integration of the area’s geological and hydrogeological conditions, and geological exploration, drilling, and three-dimensional seismic data resulted in partitioning of the permeability levels within the study area after fuzzy comprehensive evaluation. Comparing the results with actual conditions and the observed working panel water inflows verified that the proposed method for analysis of spatial differences can be used to guide future water prevention and control efforts.
Zusamenfassung
Das wichtigste abbaubare Kohleflöz aus dem Jura im Ningdong-Kohlerevier in Westchina wird von einem Sandsteinaquifer bedeckt. Dieser gefährdet die Sicherheit des Abbaus des geringmächtigen Kohleflözes. Obwohl bereits hydrogeologische Bohrlöcher in und um das Untersuchungsgebiet herum angelegt wurden, existiert kein einziges, das bis in das Flöz reicht. Deshalb wurden sechs Faktoren (Verhältnis der Mächtigkeiten des Sandsteinaquifers und des Kohleflözes, Mächtigkeit des Sandsteins, Mächtigkeit des Grobsands, Anzahl der Sandsteinschichten, fraktale Dimension der Störung und fraktale Dimension der Faltung) als Indikatoren für die Permeabilität des Aquifers genutzt. Durch paarweisen Vergleich der sechs Faktoren miteinander konnten die Einflussgewichte der einzelnen Faktoren auf den Permeabilitätskoeffizienten zu 0,131, 0,243, 0,161, 0,106, 0,197 und 0,161 ermittelt werden. Nach Einbeziehung von geologischen und hydrogeologischen Eigenschaften des Gebiets, von Daten aus Erkundungsbohrungen und von dreidimensionalen seismischen Daten in eine umfassende Fuzzy-Evaluation wurden die Permeabilitätskoeffizienten im Untersuchungsgebiet räumlich differenziert. Der Vergleich der Ergebnisse mit den tatsächlichen Bedingungen und den beobachteten Zuflüssen in das Abbaufeld bestätigte, dass die hier vorgeschlagene Methode zur Analyse räumlicher Unterschiede zur Unterstützung bei zukünftigen Bemühungen zur Vermeidung von Wassereinbrüchen und zu Kontrollzwecken genutzt werden kann.
Resumen
Un acuífero de arenisca cubre la veta de carbón extraíble primaria dentro del campo de carbón Jurásico de Ningdong en el oeste de China y amenaza la seguridad de la extracción de la veta poco profunda. Aunque las perforaciones hidrogeológicas se ubicaron dentro y alrededor del área de estudio, no existían perforaciones hidrogeológicas dentro de ella; seis factores (la relación entre la arenisca del acuífero y el grosor del estrato, el grosor de la arenisca, el grosor del grano, el número de capas de arenisca, la dimensión fractal de falla y el pliegue dimensión fractal) se utilizaron como indicadores de la permeabilidad del acuífero. Usando el enfoque de comparación por pares, los pesos de la influencia de estos seis factores en el coeficiente de permeabilidad se definieron como 0,131, 0,243, 0,161, 0,106, 0,197 y 0,161, respectivamente. La integración de las condiciones geológicas e hidrogeológicas del área, la exploración geológica, los datos de perforación y los datos sísmicos tridimensionales dieron como resultado la división del nivel de permeabilidad dentro del área de estudio después de una exhaustiva evaluación. Al comparar los resultados con las condiciones reales y las entradas de agua observadas en el panel de trabajo, se verificó que el método propuesto para el análisis de las diferencias espaciales se puede utilizar para guiar los futuros esfuerzos de prevención y control del agua.
抽象
在中国西部宁东侏罗系煤田,砂岩含水层覆盖于主采煤层之上,威胁着浅埋煤层开采。虽然研究区内及周围布置了地质勘探孔,但内部没有水文地质钻孔。用六个因素(含水层的砂岩与地层厚度比、砂砾厚度、砂岩层数、断层分形维数和褶皱分形维数)作为含水层渗透性评价指标。通过两两对比,定义了六个因素的渗透系数影响权重分别为0.131、0.243、0.161、0.106、0.197和0.161。综合研究区地质和水文地质条件,模糊综合评价地质勘探、钻探和三维地震资料之后,划分出研究区渗透性水平。与实际条件及工作面监测涌水量的对比,验证了所提出方法分析渗透性空间差异的有效性,对未来水害预防和控制具有指导意义。
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Acknowledgements
This work was supported by the “111” Project (B08039), the CAE “Strategic research on the combined base construction in the training of senior S&T talents” (2019-JY-004) and Science and Technology Innovation Fund of the Xi'an Research Institute of CCTEG (2018XAYZD11).
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Supplementary file1 (PDF 1080 kb) Fig. S-1 S/ST isogram; Fig. S-2 ST isogram; Fig. S-3 GT isogram; Fig. S-4 NLS isogram; Fig. S-5 FaFD isogram; Fig. S-6 FoFD isogram
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Ma, L., Zhao, B., Wang, H. et al. Analysis of Spatial Differences in Permeability Based on Sedimentary and Structural Features of the Sandstone Aquifer Overlying Coal Seams in Western China. Mine Water Environ 39, 229–241 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10230-020-00682-x
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10230-020-00682-x