Abstract
We prove that the boundaries of the Milnor fibers of smoothings of non-isolated reduced complex surface singularities are graph manifolds. Moreover, we give a method, inspired by previous work of Némethi and Szilard, to compute associated plumbing graphs.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Bochnak, J., Coste, M., Roy, M.F.: Real algebraic geometry. In: Ergebnisse der Mathematik und ihrer Grenzgebiete (3), vol. 36. Results in Mathematics and Related Areas (3). Springer, Berlin (1998) (translated from the 1987 French original, revised by the authors)
Barth, W., Peters, C., Van de Ven, A.: Compact complex surfaces. In: Ergebnisse der Mathematik und ihrer Grenzgebiete (3), vol. 4. Results in Mathematics and Related Areas (3). Springer, Berlin (1984)
Brieskorn, E.: Über die Auflösung gewisser Singularitäten von holomorphen Abbildungen. Math. Ann. 166, 76–102 (1966)
Brieskorn, E.V.: Examples of singular normal complex spaces which are topological manifolds. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 55, 1395–1397 (1966)
Brieskorn, E.: Singularities in the work of Friedrich Hirzebruch. In: Surveys in Differential Geometry, vol. 7, pp. 17–60. International Press, Somerville (2000)
Curmi, O.: Boundary of the Milnor fiber of a Newton non degenerate surface singularity (2019). Available at https://arxiv.org/abs/1911.13258v3
de Jong, T., van Straten, D.: Deformation theory of sandwiched singularities. Duke Math. J. 95(3), 451–522 (1998)
Durfee, A.H.: Neighborhoods of algebraic sets. Trans. Am. Math. Soc. 276(2), 517–530 (1983)
de Bobadilla, J.F., Neto, A.M.: The boundary of the Milnor fibre of complex and real analytic non-isolated singularities. Geom. Dedic. 173, 143–162 (2014)
Grauert, H.: Über Modifikationen und exzeptionelle analytische Mengen. Math. Ann. 146, 331–368 (1962)
Greuel, G.M.: Equisingular and equinormalizable deformations of isolated non-normal singularities. Methods Appl. Anal. 24(2), 215–276 (2017)
Greuel, G.M.: Deformation and smoothing of singularities. In: To appear in the Handbook of geometry and topology of singularities I. Springer. arXiv:1903.03661 (2019)
Gompf, R.E., Stipsicz, A.I.: 4-manifolds and Kirby calculus. In: Graduate Studies in Mathematics, vol. 20. American Mathematical Society, Providence (1999)
Hamm, H.: Lokale topologische Eigenschaften komplexer Räume. Math. Ann. 191, 235–252 (1971)
Hironaka, H.: Stratification and flatness. In: Real and Complex Singularities (Proc. Ninth Nordic Summer School/NAVF Sympos. Math., Oslo, 1976), pp. 199–265 (1977)
Hirzebruch, F.: Singularities and exotic spheres. In: Séminaire Bourbaki, vol. 10, pp. Exp. No. 314, 13–32. Societe Mathematique de France, Paris (1995)
Lisca, P.: On symplectic fillings of lens spaces. Trans. Am. Math. Soc. 360(2), 765–799 (2008)
Looijenga, E.J.N.: Isolated singular points on complete intersections. In: London Mathematical Society, vol. 77. Lecture Note Series. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge (1984)
Lê, D.T.: Some remarks on relative monodromy. In: Real and Complex Singularities (Proc. Ninth Nordic Summer School/NAVF Sympos. Math., Oslo, 1976), pp. 397–403 (1977)
Milnor, J.: On manifolds homeomorphic to the 7-sphere. Ann. Math. 2(64), 399–405 (1956)
Milnor, J.: Singular points of complex hypersurfaces. In: Annals of Mathematics Studies, No. 61. Princeton University Press, Princeton. University of Tokyo Press, Tokyo (1968)
Michel, F., Pichon, A.: On the boundary of the Milnor fibre of nonisolated singularities. Int. Math. Res. Not. 43, 2305–2311 (2003)
Michel, F., Pichon, A.: Erratum: On the boundary of the Milnor fibre of nonisolated singularities. Int. Math. Res. Not. 2003(43), 2305–2311. Int. Math. Res. Not. 6, 309–310 (2004)
Michel, F., Pichon, A.: Carrousel in family and non-isolated hypersurface singularities in \({\mathbb{C}}^3\). J. Reine Angew. Math. 720, 1–32 (2016)
Michel, F., Pichon, A., Weber, C.: The boundary of the Milnor fiber of Hirzebruch surface singularities. In: Singularity Theory, pp. 745–760. World Scientific Publishing, Hackensack (2007)
Michel, F., Pichon, A., Weber, C.: The boundary of the Milnor fiber for some non-isolated singularities of complex surfaces. Osaka J. Math. 46(1), 291–316 (2009)
Mumford, D.: The topology of normal singularities of an algebraic surface and a criterion for simplicity. Inst. Hautes Études Sci. Publ. Math. 9, 5–22 (1961)
Munkres, J.: Obstructions to the smoothing of piecewise-differentiable homeomorphisms. Ann. Math. 2(72), 521–554 (1960)
Neumann, W.D.: A calculus for plumbing applied to the topology of complex surface singularities and degenerating complex curves. Trans. Am. Math. Soc. 268(2), 299–344 (1981)
Némethi, A., Popescu-Pampu, P.: On the Milnor fibres of cyclic quotient singularities. Proc. Lond. Math. Soc. (3) 101(2), 554–588 (2010)
Némethi, A., Szilárd, Á.: Milnor fiber boundary of a non-isolated surface singularity. In: Lecture Notes in Mathematics, vol. 2037. Springer, Heidelberg (2012)
Némethi, A.: Resolution graphs of some surface singularities. I. Cyclic coverings. Contemp. Math. 266, 89–128 (2000)
Randell, R.: On the topology of non-isolated singularities. In: Proceedings 1977 Georgia Topology Conference, pp 445–473 (1977)
Seade, J.: On Milnor’s fibration theorem and its offspring after 50 years. Bull. Am. Math. Soc. (N.S.) 56(2), 281–348 (2019)
Shafarevich, I.R.: Basic Algebraic Geometry 1. In: Varieties in Projective Space, third edn. Springer, Heidelberg (2013)
Siersma, D.: Variation mappings on singularities with a 1-dimensional critical locus. Topology 30(3), 445–469 (1991)
Siersma, D.: The vanishing topology of non isolated singularities. In: New developments in singularity theory (Cambridge, 2000), NATO Science Series II Mathematics, Physics and Chemistry, vol. 21, pp. 447–472. Kluwer, Dordrecht (2001)
Sigur\(\eth \)sson, B.: The Milnor fiber of the singularity \(f(x,y)+zg(x,y)=0\). Rev. Mat. Complut. 29(1):225–239 (2016)
Szabó, E.: Divisorial log terminal singularities. J. Math. Sci. Univ. Tokyo 1(3), 631–639 (1994)
Waldhausen, F.: Eine Klasse von 3-dimensionalen Mannigfaltigkeiten. I. Invent. Math. 3, 308–333 (1967)
Waldhausen, F.: Eine Klasse von 3-dimensionalen Mannigfaltigkeiten. II. Invent. Math. 4, 87–117 (1967)
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Additional information
Communicated by Jean-Yves Welschinger.
Publisher's Note
Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Curmi, O. Topology of smoothings of non-isolated singularities of complex surfaces. Math. Ann. 377, 1711–1755 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00208-020-01993-8
Received:
Revised:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00208-020-01993-8