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Borage extracts affect wild rocket quality and influence nitrate and carbon metabolism

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Abstract

Market is increasingly demanding vegetables with high quality and nutraceutical characteristics. It was demonstrated that leafy vegetables can get benefit from biostimulants, for the reduction of nitrate concentration and the increment of antioxidants, with potential benefit for human health. The research purpose was to investigate on the role of a novel plant-based biostimulant in affecting nitrogen and carbon metabolism in wild rocket (Diplotaxis tenuifolia L.). Foliar spray treatments were performed with extracts obtained from borage (Borago officinalis L.) leaves and flowers. To evaluate the treatments effect, in vivo determinations (chlorophyll a fluorescence and chlorophyll content) were performed. At harvest, nitrate concentration, sucrose, total sugars, chlorophyll, and carotenoids levels were measured in leaves. In order to characterize the mechanism of action also at molecular level, a set of genes encoding for some of the key enzymes implicated in nitrate and carbon metabolism was selected and their expression was measured by qRT-PCR. Interesting results concerned the increment of sucrose, coherent with a high value of Fv/Fm, in addition to a significant reduction of nitrate and ABA than control, and an enhanced NR in vivo activity. Also, genes expression was influenced by extracts, with a more pronounced effect on N related genes.

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  1. Department of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Celoria 2, Milan, Italy

    Roberta Bulgari, Giacomo Cocetta & Antonio Ferrante

  2. Institute of Life Science, Scuola Superiore Sant’Anna Pisa, Pz Martiri della Libertà 33, Pisa, Italy

    Alice Trivellini

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  1. Roberta Bulgari
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  2. Giacomo Cocetta
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  4. Antonio Ferrante
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RB: performed the experiment and analytical determinations, the elaboration and the interpretation of data, and contributed to manuscript writing; GC: contributed to molecular analysis, data interpretation and manuscript writing; AT: contributed to ABA extraction and determination, and manuscript writing; AF: responsible for the research activities, experimental plan, and revision of the final manuscript. All authors read and approved the final version of the manuscript.

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Correspondence to Giacomo Cocetta.

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Bulgari, R., Cocetta, G., Trivellini, A. et al. Borage extracts affect wild rocket quality and influence nitrate and carbon metabolism. Physiol Mol Biol Plants 26, 649–660 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12298-020-00783-5

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