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Zinc-rich and copper-bearing amphiboles from sulfide-free ore occurrences of the Pelagonian Massif, Republic of North Macedonia

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Abstract

This paper describes specific features of isomorphism of unusual amphiboles containing up to 23 wt% ZnO and up to 1.3 wt% CuO from sulfide-free metasomatic rocks of the “Mixed Series” metamorphic complex, Pelagonian Massif, Republic of North Macedonia, in which chalcophile elements (Pb, Cu, Zn, Sb, As) occur in high concentrations in the form of oxides and oxysalts. The studied amphiboles belong to six mineral species: magnesio-riebeckite, ferri-winchite, F-dominant analogue of ferri-winchite (“ferri-fluoro-winchite”), ferri-barroisite, ferri-nybøite, and a zinc-rich amphibole related to clino-suenoite. The main substitution schemes are Zn → Mg and Na + Fe3+ → Ca + Mg. The amphibole related to clino-suenoite has been studied in the most detailed way. Its empirical formula is (Mg2.99Zn2.47Mn1.26Fe3+0.30Ca0.07)Σ7.09(Si7.89Fe3+0.06Al0.05O22)(OH)2, and it is the most Zn-rich amphibole among those that have ever been described in literary sources. This amphibole is characterized by single-crystal and powder X-ray diffraction, IR spectroscopic and optical data. The role of high barium activity in the formation of sulfide-free ores of chalcophile elements has been substantiated. A possible mechanism of sulfur immobilization can be described by the scheme S2− + 2O2 ↔ SO42−; SO42− + Ba2+ → BaSO4↓.

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Acknowledgements

Constructive reviews by Evgeny Galuskin, Gerald Giester and an anonymous expert, and helpful comments by chief editor Lutz Nasdala, are gratefully acknowledged. This work was partly performed in accordance with the state task, state registration number 0089-2019-0013. The EPMA measurements were financially supported by the Russian Foundation for Basic Research, grant 17-05-00145-a. The X-ray structural analysis was supported by the Russian Foundation for Basic Research, grant 18-05-00332. The technical support by the X-Ray Diffraction Research Resource Center, St. Petersburg State University, in the powder X-ray diffraction studies is acknowledged.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Institute of Problems of Chemical Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Chernogolovka, Moscow Region, 142432, Russia

    Nikita V. Chukanov

  2. Faculty of Geology, Moscow State University, Vorobievy Gory, Moscow, 119991, Russia

    Natalia V. Zubkova & Igor V. Pekov

  3. Faculty of Technology and Metallurgy, Saints Cyril and Methodius University, Ruger Boskovic 16, 1000, Skopje, Republic of Macedonia

    Simeon Jančev

  4. Russian Academy of Sciences, Institute of Experimental Mineralogy, Chernogolovka, Moscow Region, 142432, Russia

    Vera N. Ermolaeva & Dmitry A. Varlamov

  5. Petrography, Mineralogy and Geochemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Institute of Geology of Ore Deposits, Staromonetny Pereulok 35, Moscow, 119017, Russia

    Vera N. Ermolaeva

  6. Fersman Mineralogical Museum of Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninskiy Prospekt 18-2, Moscow, 119071, Russia

    Dmitriy I. Belakovskiy

  7. Department of Crystallography, St Petersburg State University, University Embankment 7/9, 199034, St Petersburg, Russia

    Sergey N. Britvin

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  1. Nikita V. Chukanov
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  2. Natalia V. Zubkova
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  4. Igor V. Pekov
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  5. Vera N. Ermolaeva
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  6. Dmitry A. Varlamov
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Correspondence to Nikita V. Chukanov.

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Editorial handling: L. Nasdala

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Chukanov, N.V., Zubkova, N.V., Jančev, S. et al. Zinc-rich and copper-bearing amphiboles from sulfide-free ore occurrences of the Pelagonian Massif, Republic of North Macedonia. Miner Petrol 114, 129–140 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00710-020-00694-z

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