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Genome-Wide Analysis of the Apple (Malus domestica) Cysteine-Rich Receptor-Like Kinase (CRK) Family: Annotation, Genomic Organization, and Expression Profiles in Response to Fungal Infection

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Abstract

Cysteine-rich receptor-like kinases (CRKs) took crucial roles in plant cell growth and development, as well as environmental adaption. Apple (Malus domestica) had been considered a staple fruit crop and a model of woody plants. In this study, the annotation, evolution, and duplication of the CRK gene family members in apple (MdCRK) were characterized. Besides, we also investigated the expressional patterns of MdCRKs in various tissue types and response to signals from Alternaria alternate apple pathotype (AaAP), Penicillium expansum (Pe), and Valsa mali (Vm). A total of 36 MdCRKs were annotated. The phylogenetic analysis of CRKs among apple, Arabidopsis thaliana, rice (Oryza sativa), cotton (Gossypium hirsutum), banana (Musa acuminata), and tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) revealed the distinct evolutionary characteristics in plants. Based on gene duplication analysis, seven tandem gene clusters containing 24 members and ten segmental gene pairs were found from MdCRKs. A large number segmental gene pairs were identified from CRKs between apple and cotton. Abscisic acid (ABA) and methyl jasmonate (MeJA)–responsive cis-elements were discovered from the promoter region of most MdCRKs. MdCRKs showed distinct tissue and developmental expression patterns. Most members displayed distinct expression patterns among various tissue types. Six members were differentially expressed in response to signals from at least two pathogenic fungi. Our study provides valuable information for further studies on the evolution and functional investigation on disease resistance of CRKs.

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Abbreviations

CRK:

cysteine-rich receptor-like kinase

AaAP:

Alternaria alternate apple pathotype

Pe :

Penicillium expansum

Vm :

Valsa mali

ABA:

abscisic acid

MeJA:

methyl jasmonate

RLK:

receptor-like kinase

ECD:

extracellular domain

KD:

kinase domain

LRR:

leucine-rich repeats

TM:

transmembrane

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Funding

This work was supported by the Discipline construction fund project of Gansu Agricultural University (GAU-XKJS-2018-217), the National Natural Science Foundation of China (31860545), and the Science and Technology Major Project of Gansu Province (18ZD2NA006).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. College of Horticulture, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, 730070, China

    Cunwu Zuo, He Liu, Qianqian Lv, Yuzhen Tian, Juan Mao, Mingyu Chu, Zonghuan Ma, Zeshan An & Baihong Chen

  2. Agro-biological Gene Research Center, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, 510460, China

    Zhongjian Chen

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  1. Cunwu Zuo
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  2. He Liu
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Correspondence to Baihong Chen.

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Figure S1

Chromosomal distribution and the tandem duplications of the MdCRKs. ▲ indicated tandem duplication genes. (JPG 875 kb)

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Zuo, C., Liu, H., Lv, Q. et al. Genome-Wide Analysis of the Apple (Malus domestica) Cysteine-Rich Receptor-Like Kinase (CRK) Family: Annotation, Genomic Organization, and Expression Profiles in Response to Fungal Infection. Plant Mol Biol Rep 38, 14–24 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11105-019-01179-w

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