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Oceanic response to Hurricane Irma (2017) in the Exclusive Economic Zone of Cuba and the eastern Gulf of Mexico

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Abstract

An understanding of the oceanic response to tropical cyclones is of importance for studies on climate change, ecological variability and environmental protection. Hurricane Irma (2017, Atlantic Ocean) broke many records, including the fact that it was the first category 5 hurricane making landfall in Cuba since 1924. In this study, we assess the oceanic response of the waters of the Cuban Exclusive Economic Zone (EEZ) and the eastern Gulf of Mexico (GoM) to the passage of this hurricane. Overall, Irma led to a weak sea surface cooling in the EEZ, which was associated with the thermal structure of its waters and the fact that it was affected by the left-side quadrants of this hurricane. This cooling was driven by mixing and upwelling processes. In contrast, the chlorophyll-a (chl-a) concentration increase was comparable with climatological records, suggesting that horizontal advection of coastal waters and entrainment of chl-a rich waters from remote regions of the GoM influenced the post-storm chl-a concentration. Moreover, Irma increased the chl-a concentration in the northeastern GoM and stimulated the offshore transport of these chl-a-rich waters to the interior GoM. A high chl-a plume (HCP) extended southward across the eastern GoM during the first post-storm week of Irma, and these waters reached the northwestern Cuban coast following the Loop Current. An intensification of the geostrophic currents of an anticyclonic eddy at the upper front of the Loop Current, the formation of an anticyclonic-cyclonic eddy pair in the northeastern GoM and wind-driven advection governed the extension of this HCP.

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Acknowledgements

We thank the Upper Ocean Dynamics Laboratory at the University of Miami Rosenstiel School of Marine and Atmospheric Sciences for kindly providing us the computed ocean mixed layer depth data.

Funding

This work was supported by the Special Research Fund (BOF) of Ghent University, Belgium, Grant Code 01W03715. For satellite products presented in this work, please contact the corresponding author at davila@uclv.cu.

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  1. Laboratory of Planetary Science, Department of Physics, Universidad Central “Marta Abreu” de Las Villas, 54830, Santa Clara, Villa Clara, Cuba

    Dailé Avila-Alonso & Rolando Cardenas

  2. KERMIT, Department of Data Analysis and Mathematical Modelling, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, 9000, Ghent, Belgium

    Dailé Avila-Alonso, Jan M. Baetens & Bernard De Baets

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  1. Dailé Avila-Alonso
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  2. Jan M. Baetens
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Correspondence to Dailé Avila-Alonso.

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Avila-Alonso, D., Baetens, J.M., Cardenas, R. et al. Oceanic response to Hurricane Irma (2017) in the Exclusive Economic Zone of Cuba and the eastern Gulf of Mexico. Ocean Dynamics 70, 603–619 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10236-020-01350-y

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