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Evaluation of water quality of Kızılırmak River (Sivas/Turkey) using geo-statistical and multivariable statistical approaches

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Abstract

Groundwater and surface water qualities are evaluated using geographic information system (GIS)-based geo-statistical and multivariable statistical methods. This research aims to investigate the water quality of Kızılırmak River, that remain within the provincial boundaries of Sivas, using geo-statistical and multivariable statistical methods, and to provide the water quality map of Kızılırmak River. In this regard, surface water samples from 28 surface water quality monitoring stations were analysed for wet and dry seasons. The hydro-chemical properties of surface water quality were determined, and the water quality index was evaluated for each station. Spherical, exponential and Gaussian models were determined as the best semi-variogram models according to the minimum root mean square error values and the cross-validation method. The final water surface quality map of Kızılırmak River was obtained by weighted superposition of the spatial distribution maps of the surface water quality parameters which were obtained by the geo-statistical method. The correlations between the surface water quality parameters were determined using multivariable statistical analysis methods such as correlation analysis and factor analysis (principal component analysis). The surface water quality in the study area was categorized as excellent, good, poor and very poor. The water quality of Kızılırmak River’s portion near Sivas city centre and in the South of the province did not meet the standards for drinking water purposes. This research provides the surface water quality map of the study area by use of GIS-based statistical methods.

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Acknowledgements

The data used in this study have been provided within the scope of the project supported by Sivas Cumhuriyet University (Turkey) Scientific Research Projects unit (Project Number: MF-002). I would like to thank the staff of the General Directorate of State Hydraulic Works (Ankara/Turkey), who helped us with water quality data.

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  1. Urban and Regional Planning Department, Faculty of Architecture-Fine Arts and Design, Sivas Cumhuriyet University, Sivas, Turkey

    Can Bülent Karakuş

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Karakuş, C.B. Evaluation of water quality of Kızılırmak River (Sivas/Turkey) using geo-statistical and multivariable statistical approaches. Environ Dev Sustain 22, 4735–4769 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10668-019-00472-8

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