Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Population dynamics of Aleyrodes proletella L. (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) and its parasitoids in Düzce Province of Turkey

  • Original Article
  • Published:
Journal of Plant Diseases and Protection Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Cabbage whitefly, Aleyrodes proletella L. (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae), causes severe damage to Brassica vegetables. This study was conducted to evaluate the seasonal population dynamics of A. proletella and its parasitoids throughout the 2016 and 2017 growing seasons in Düzce Province in Turkey. To estimate whitefly density and parasitism rates, collard leaf samples infested with whitefly were collected from fields where no pesticides were applied. Collard leaves were cultured for emergence of the adult parasitoids, which were identified as Encarsia tricolor Forster (Hymenoptera: Aphelinidae) based on morphological and molecular characteristics. Seasonal mean densities of A. proletella ranged from 11.20 to 19.30 nymphs/leaf in 2016 and from 15.19 to 86.66 nymphs/leaf in 2017. The highest parasitism rates were 6.46% and 24.79% in 2016 and 2017, respectively. Whitefly nymphs peaked in July and August during both years. The first parasitized whitefly nymphs were observed in July, and maximum parasitism rates occurred in the second half of August during both years. These findings provide significant contributions for studies involving the conservation of parasitism of A. proletella.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Fig. 4

Similar content being viewed by others

Availability of data and materials

The data sets used and/or analyzed during the current study are available from the corresponding author on reasonable request.

References

  • Albajes R, Casadevall M, Bordas E, Gabarra R, Alomar O (1980) La mosca blanca de los invernaderos. Trialeurodes vaporariorum, en el Maresme. II. Utilización de Encarsia tricolor (Hym.; Aphelinidae) en un invernadero de tomate temprano. An INIA/Ser Agríc 13:191–203

    Google Scholar 

  • Alkan B (1961) Murgul Bölgesi ziraat nebatlarında zarar yapan hayvan ve böcek nevileri üzerinde incelemeler. Ankara Üniversitesi Ziraat Fakültesi Yıllığı 3:271–285

    Google Scholar 

  • Arzone A (1976) Indagini su Trialeurodes vaporariorum ed Encarsia tricolor in pien’aria. Informatore Fitopatologico 26:5–10

    Google Scholar 

  • Arzone A (1977) Indagini biologiche su Encarsia tricolor Foerst. (Hym. Aphelinidae) parassita endofago di Trialeurodes vaporariorum Westw. (Hem.: Aleyrodidae). Bollettino di Zoologia Agraria e di Bachicoltura 13:119–129

    Google Scholar 

  • Avilla J, Copland MJW (1987) Effects of host stage on the development of the facultative autoparasitoid Encarsia tricolor (Hymenoptera: Aphelinidae). Ann Appl Biol 110:381–389

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Butler CG (1936) The occurrence of the chalcids Encarsia partenopea Masi and E. tricolor Förster in England (Hymenoptera). Proc R Soc Lond Ser A 11:3–5

    Google Scholar 

  • Butler CG (1938) On the ecology of Aleurodes brassicae Walk. (Hemiptera). Trans R Entomol Soc Lond 87:291–311

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Gomez-Menor J (1943) Contribucion al conocimiento de los Aleyrodidos de Espana (Hem. Homoptera). 1a nota. Eos 19:173–209

    Google Scholar 

  • Gulidov S, Poehling HM (2013) Control of aphids and whiteflies on Brussels sprouts by means of UV-absorbing plastic films. J Plant Dis Prot 120(3):122–130

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Gumovsky A (2005) Parasitoids (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae, Aphelinidae) of the cabbage whitefly, Aleyrodes proletella (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae), associated with the greater celandine (Chelidonium majus). In: Second international symposium on biological control of arthropods (Davos), p 108

  • Karut K, Akdağcık Z (2006) Çukurova’da pamuk alanlarında Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius) (Homoptera: Aleyrodidae)’nin parazitlenme durumunun belirlenmesi üzerine araştırmalar. Türk Entomoloji Derg 30(1):33–41

    Google Scholar 

  • Koca AS, Kütük H (2019) Impact of weed, Lapsana communis L. (Bieb. Hayek) on whitefly, Aleyrodes proletella Linnaeus (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) population on collard. Turk J Agric Nat Sci 6(4):786–791

    Google Scholar 

  • Kumar S, Stecher G, Tamura K (2016) MEGA7: molecular evolutionary genetics analysis version 7.0 for bigger datasets. Mol Biol Evol 33:1870–1874

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Laudonia S, Viggiani G (1984) Observazioni sulla fenologia e sui parassiti di Aleurotubae jelineki (Homoptera: Aleyrodidae) in Italia. Boll Lab Ent Agra Portici 41:225–234

    Google Scholar 

  • Laurenz S, Schmidt S, Balkenhol B, Meyhöfer R (2019) Natural enemies associated with the cabbage whitefly Aleyrodes proletella in Germany. J Plant Dis Prot New Ser 126(1):47–54

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Lodos N (1986) Türkiye entomolojisi (Genel, uygulamalı ve faunistik), Ege Üniversitesi Ziraat Fakültesi Yayın No: 429, p 569

  • Monti MM, Nappo AG, Giorgini M (2005) Molecular characterization of closely related species in the parasitic genus Encarsia (Hymenoptera: Aphelinidae) based on the mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase subunit I gene. Bull Entomol Res 95(5):401–408

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Mound LA (1973) Thrips and whitefly. In: Gibbs AJ (ed) Viruses and invertebrates. North Holland Publishing, Amsterdam, pp 230–242

    Google Scholar 

  • Nebrada M, Nombela G, Muniz M (2005) Comparative host suitability of some brassica cultivars for the whitefly, Aleyrodes proletella (Homoptera: Aleyrodidae). Environ Entomol 34(1):205–209

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ramsey AD, Ellis PR (1996) Resistance in wild brassicas to the cabbage whitefly, Aleyrodes proletella. Acta Hortic 407:507–514

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Richter E, Hirthe G (2014) Hibernation and migration of Aleyrodes proletella in Germany. IOBC WPRS Bull 107:143–149

    Google Scholar 

  • Springate S (2016) The cabbage whitefly, Aleyrodes proletella: causes of outbreaks and potential solutions. University of Greenwich, UK, PhD Thesis, p 382

  • Springate S (2017) The cabbage whitefly Aleyrodes proletella and its natural enemies on wild cabbage Brassica oleracea on the Kent coast. Trans Kent Field Club 20:42–58

    Google Scholar 

  • Subbotin SA, Sturhan D, Rumpenhorst HJ, Moens M (2003) Molecular and morphological characterisation of the Heterodera avenae species complex (Tylenchida: Heteroderidae). Nematology 5:515–538

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Tanha Maafi Z, Subbotin SA, Moens M (2003) Molecular identification of cyst forming nematodes (Heteroderidae) from Iran and a phylogeny based on ITS-rDNA sequences. Nematology 5:99–111

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Telli S, Yiğit A (2019) Population fluctuations of the citriculus mealybug, Pseudococcus cryptus Hempel (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae), in citrus orchards of Samandağ, Hatay, Turkey. J Plant Dis Prot 126:421–426

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Thompson JD, Higgins DG, Gibson TJ (1994) CLUSTAL W: improving the sensitivity of progressive multiple sequence alignment through sequence weighting, position-specific gap penalties and weight matrix choice. Nucleic Acids Res 22:4673–4680

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Trdan S, Papler U (2002) Susceptibility of four different vegetable brassicas to cabbage whitefly (Aleyrodes proletella L., Aleyrodidae) attack. Mededelingen der Fakulteit van de Landbouwkundige en Toegepaste Biologische Wetenschappen 67:531–535

    Google Scholar 

  • Ulusoy MR (1999) Akdeniz Bölgesi beyazsinek (Homoptera: Aleyrodidae) türleri üzerinde tespit edilen Aphelinidae (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea) türleri. Türk Entomoloji Derg 23(4):251–258

    Google Scholar 

  • Ulusoy MR (2001) Türkiye Beyazsinek Faunası, Baki Kitabevi, Yayın No: 022, Adana, ISBN: 975-7024-14-7

  • Ulusoy MR, Ülgentürk S (2003) The natural enemies of whiteflies (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) in southern Anatolia. Zool Middle East 28(1):119–124

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ulusoy MR, Vatansever G (1997) Doğu Akdeniz Bölgesi sebze alanlarında iki yeni beyazsinek türü: Aleyrodes proletella L. ve Trialeurodes vaporariorum Westwood (Homoptera: Aleyrodidae). Çukurova Üniversitesi Ziraat Fakültesi Dergisi 12(3):59–68

    Google Scholar 

  • Ulusoy MR, Karut K, Çalışkan AF (2012a) Ege Bölgesi Aleyrodidae türleri üzerine faunistik çalışmalar. Türk Entomoloji Bül 2(4):251–262

    Google Scholar 

  • Ulusoy MR, Karut K, Özdemir I, Ülgentürk S, Kaydan MB (2012b) Bartın ve Kastamonu illeri Aleyrodidae türleri üzerinde faunistik çalışmalar. Türk Entomoloji Derg 36(3):363–376

    Google Scholar 

  • van Rijn PCJ, den Belder E, Elderson J, Vlaswinkel M, van Alebeek F (2008) Perspectives for functional agro biodiversity in Brussels sprouts. IOBC/WPRS Bull 34(1):121–124

    Google Scholar 

  • Waeyenberge L, Ryss A, Moens M, Pinochet J, Vrain TC (2000) Molecular characterization of 18 Pratylenchus species using rDNA restriction fragment length polymorphism. Nematology 2:135–142

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Williams T (1991) Host selection and sex ratio in a heteronomous hyperparasitoid. Ecol Entomol 16:377–386

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Williams T (1995) The biology of Encarsia tricolor: an autoparasitoid of whitefly. Biol Control 5(2):209–217

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Williams T (1996) Invasion and displacement of experimental populations of a conventional parasitoid by a heteronomous hyperparasitoid. Biocontrol Sci Technol 6:603–618

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgements

The authors wish to thank Dr. Maurice JANSEN (Ministry of Agriculture, Nature and Food Quality, The Hague, Netherlands) for identification of whiteflies, Dr. Andrew POLASZEK (International Institute of Entomology, The Natural History Museum, London, UK) for identification of whitefly parasitoids and Dr. Carl CHILDERS (University of Florida) for assisting with English composition of the paper. This work was undertaken as part of the author Abdurrahman Sami KOCA’s MSc research, funded by The Scientific and Technological Research Council of Turkey (TUBITAK) under Project Number 116O921 and was adapted from the resulting thesis.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture and Natural Science, Bolu Abant Izzet Baysal University, Bolu, Turkey

    Abdurrahman Sami Koca & Halil Kütük

Authors
  1. Abdurrahman Sami Koca
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Halil Kütük
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Contributions

All authors performed the field experiments and counted all live whitefly individuals on the leaf samples in laboratory. ASK performed molecular identification of parasitoid wasps in the laboratory. All authors also read and approved the final manuscript.

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Abdurrahman Sami Koca.

Ethics declarations

Conflict of interest

The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.

Human and animals rights

The authors declare that no human participants and animals were involved in this study.

Informed consent

This manuscript is new, and it was not submitted to more than one journal for simultaneous consideration. The submitted work is original and has not been published elsewhere in any form or language, and the new work concerns an expansion of previous work. A single study was not split up into several parts to increase the quantity of submissions and submitted to various journals or to one journal over time. Results were presented clearly, honestly and without fabrication, falsification or inappropriate data manipulation. All authors have approved the submission of this manuscript.

Additional information

Publisher's Note

Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Koca, A.S., Kütük, H. Population dynamics of Aleyrodes proletella L. (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) and its parasitoids in Düzce Province of Turkey. J Plant Dis Prot 127, 607–614 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s41348-020-00319-9

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s41348-020-00319-9

Keywords

Search

Navigation