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High-performance single-input three-output DC–DC high gain converter for fuel cell-based electric vehicles

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Abstract

The electric vehicle (EV) requirement has various glitches and solutions in EV technology. Alternate energy that delivers the required power to the EVs is derived from the fuel cell with high performance. Nevertheless, the output voltage obtained from the fuel cell system is very less, and it is not enough to drive the motor of the EVs. The DC–DC converter increases the output voltage of the fuel cell system, and the EV also requires a different output voltage for the entire system. The DC–DC converter for fuel cell-based EVs requires high voltage gain with high conversion efficiency. However, the converter based on single-input three-output (SITO) DC–DC unidirectional converter can reduce loss and the cost of the system, and hence the overall efficiency. In this paper, a new single power-switch-based SITO converter topology is proposed to improve the voltage gain and conversion efficiency. The converter presented in this paper acts as a front-end DC–DC converter for the DC–AC inverter, and it supplies power to the auxiliary DC loads or for charging the auxiliary battery in EV. The converter has a single-stage voltage multiplier cell with a voltage clamp circuit to improve the voltage gain with soft-switching to reduce the loss, and hence the efficiency. The proposed converter is operated with a single MOSFET switch which delivers three different output levels with less voltage stress across the switch is the main feature of the proposed converter. The theoretical analysis is validated through the experimental results, and results verify that the proposed converter is best suitable for EV applications.

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Abbreviations

V s :

Input source voltage (V)

i s :

Input source current (A)

L lk :

Leakage inductance of the coupled inductor (µH)

L m :

Magnetizing inductance of the coupled inductor (µH)

K :

Coupling co-efficient of the coupled inductor

N :

Turn’s ratio of the coupled inductor

\( V_{{N_{1} }} \), \( V_{{N_{2} }} \) :

Voltage across the primary and secondary side of the coupled inductor, respectively (V)

R01, R02, and R03 :

Load resistance at MVS, AS, and HVS, respectively (Ω)

V01, V02, and V03 :

Output voltage at MVS, AS, and HVS, respectively (V)

I01, I02, and I03 :

Maximum output current at MVS, AS, and HVS, respectively (A)

P1, P2, and P3 :

Output power at MVS, AS, and HVS, respectively (W)

\( V_{{C_{1} }} \), \( V_{{C_{2} }} \), \( V_{{C_{3} }} \), and \( V_{{C_{4} }} \) :

Voltage across the capacitors, C1,C2, C3, and C4, respectively (V)

T s :

One switching period (µs)

f s :

Switching frequency in kHz

\( V_{{D_{1} }} \), \( V_{{D_{2} }} \), \( V_{{D_{3} }} \), \( V_{{D_{4} }} \), \( V_{{D_{5} }} \), \( V_{{D_{6} }} \) :

Voltage across the diodes, D1,D2, D3, D4, D5, and D6, respectively (V)

\( i_{{L_{\text{m}} }} \), and \( i_{{L_{\text{lk}} }} \) :

Current through the magnetizing and leakage inductance of the coupled inductor, respectively (A)

\( V_{{L_{\text{m}} }} \), and \( V_{{L_{\text{lk}} }} \) :

Voltage across the magnetizing and leakage inductance of the coupled inductor, respectively (V)

\( i_{{L_{1} }} \) :

Current through the auxiliary inductor (A)

\( i_{{D_{1} }} \), \( i_{{D_{2} }} \), \( i_{{D_{3} }} \), \( i_{{D_{4} }} \), \( i_{{D_{5} }} \), \( i_{{D_{6} }} \) :

Current through the diodes, D1,D2, D3, D4, D5, and D6, respectively (A)

Vds, and ids :

Voltage and current stress of the MOSFET switch, respectively (V) and (A)

V gs :

Gate-source voltage of the MOSFET switch (V)

D :

Duty cycle of the switch

M01, M02, and M03 :

Output voltage gain at MVS, AS, and HVS, respectively

Rt, Rg, and Rl :

Magnetic resistance, air-gap resistance, and core resistance of the coupled inductor, respectively (MΩ)

t f :

Fall time of the MOSFET switch (ns)

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of EEE, KPR Institute of Engineering and Technology, Coimbatore, TN, India

    P. Ravi Kumar

  2. Department of EEE, K.S.R. College of Engineering, Tiruchengode, TN, India

    C. Gowri Shankar

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Correspondence to P. Ravi Kumar.

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Kumar, P.R., Shankar, C.G. High-performance single-input three-output DC–DC high gain converter for fuel cell-based electric vehicles. Electr Eng 102, 1715–1737 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00202-020-00990-z

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