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Features of the Gnevyshev-Waldmeier Rule for Various Lifetimes and Areas of Sunspot Groups

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Abstract

Based on a sample of 7696 nonrecurrent and 566 recurrent sunspot groups, we have investigated the Gnevyshev–Waldmeier rule using the Catalogue of Solar Activity by R.S. Gnevysheva (1954–1978). The maximum recorded sunspot group lifetime is 160 days. The general Gnevyshev–Waldmeier rule for all lifetimes is Amax = (12.1 ± 0.70)LT (Amax is the maximum sunspot group area during the lifetime and LT is the sunspot group lifetime). However, the general rule has turned out to deviate from the derived linear form for the population of small short-living sunspot groups (SSG): it has a significant nonlinear scaling form Amax = (8.02 ± 0.41)LT(1.105±0.022). For the population of large long-living sunspot groups (LLG) there is a linear form Amax = (12.9 ± 1.1)LT. Allowance only for recurrent sunspot groups with lifetimes more than 40 days gives Amax = (13.93 ± 0.41)LT.

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Acknowledgments

We are grateful to the referees for their remarks.

Funding

This work was supported in part by the Russian Foundation for Basic Research (project nos. 19-02-00088 and 18-32-00555) and the Program PRAN-Minobrnauki KP19-270.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Pulkovo Astronomical Observatory, Russian Academy of Sciences, Pulkovskoe sh. 65, St. Petersburg, 196140, Russia

    Yu. A. Nagovitsyn, V. G. Ivanov & A. A. Osipova

  2. St. Petersburg State University of Aerospace Instrumentation, Bol’shaya Morskaya ul. 67, St. Petersburg, 190000, Russia

    Yu. A. Nagovitsyn

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  1. Yu. A. Nagovitsyn
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  2. V. G. Ivanov
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  3. A. A. Osipova
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Correspondence to Yu. A. Nagovitsyn.

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Russian Text © The Author(s), 2019, published in Pis’ma v Astronomicheskii Zhurnal, 2019, Vol. 45, No. 10, pp. 749–754.

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Nagovitsyn, Y.A., Ivanov, V.G. & Osipova, A.A. Features of the Gnevyshev-Waldmeier Rule for Various Lifetimes and Areas of Sunspot Groups. Astron. Lett. 45, 695–699 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1134/S1063773719100050

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1134/S1063773719100050

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