Abstract
The rapid growth in the construction sector leads to high demand for construction materials and hence global research studies focus on the use of sustainable alternative materials to meet the demand. Sugarcane bagasse ash is a by-product from sugar industry and about 44,220 tonnes/day is disposed of as waste in India. Bagasse ash consists of reactive silica and can be used as a sustainable source material in alkali activated binder instead of disposed as a waste. Similarly, marble waste from marble processing plants can be used as an alternative for fine aggregates. Alkali-activated concrete has high strength and durability compared to conventional cement concrete. Bagasse ash can be blended with other industrial by-products like slag to produce high quality of alkali-activated concrete without cement. The combined effect of bagasse ash and marble waste in alkali-activated mortar is not yet investigated. This present study focuses on the performance of bagasse ash and marble waste as a precursor and fine aggregates respectively in alkali-activated mortar. Influence of three different molarities (6 M, 8 M and 10 M) and two curing methods (heat and ambient curing) and three levels of replacement using bagasse ash (10%, 20% and 30%) were investigated. This experimental results showed that a considerable improvement in compressive strength for bagasse ash with marble waste blended alkali-activated mortar specimens compared to only bagasse ash blended mortar specimens. Moreover, the strength of bagasse ash blended specimens was increased with molarity. Ambient cured bagasse ash blended specimens exhibited higher strength compared to the heat cured specimens.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Arif, E.M., W. Clark, and N. Lake. 2016. Sugar cane bagasse ash from a high efficiency co-generation boiler: Applications in cement and mortar production. Construction and Building Materials 128: 287–297. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2016.10.091.
ASTM International. 2013. ASTM C109 / C109M–13, Standard Test Method for Compressive Strength of Hydraulic Cement Mortars using 50-mm cube specimens. West Conshohocken: ASTM International. https://doi.org/10.1520/C0311.
Athira, G., A. Bahurudeen, P.K. Sahu, M. Santhanam, and P. Nanthagopalan. 2020. Effective utilization of sugar industry waste in Indian construction sector : A geospatial approach. Journal of Material Cycles and Waste Management. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10163-019-00963-w.
Bahurudeen, A., A.V. Marckson, A. Kishore, and M. Santhanam. 2014. Development of sugarcane bagasse ash based Portland pozzolana cement and evaluation of compatibility with superplasticizers. Construction and Building Materials 68: 465–475. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2014.07.013.
Bahurudeen, A., and M. Santhanam. 2015. Influence of different processing methods on the pozzolanic performance of sugarcane bagasse ash. Cement and Concrete Composites 56: 32–45. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cemconcomp.2014.11.002.
Bahurudeen, A., D. Kanraj, V. Gokul Dev, and M. Santhanam. 2015a. Performance evaluation of sugarcane bagasse ash blended cement in concrete. Cement and Concrete Composites 59: 77–88. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cemconcomp.2015.03.004.
Bahurudeen, A., K.S. Vaisakh, and M. Santhanam. 2015b. Availability of sugarcane bagasse ash and potential for use as a supplementary cementitious material in concrete. Indian Concrete Journal 89: 41–50.
Bascarevic, Z. 2015. The resistance of alkali-activated cement-based binders to chemical. attack Handbook of alkali-activated cements, mortars and concretes. Sawston: Woodhead Publishing. https://doi.org/10.1533/9781782422884.3.373.
Brough, A.R., and A. Atkinson. 2002. Sodium silicate-based, alkali-activated slag mortars. Cement and Concrete Research 32: 865–879. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0008-8846(02)00717-2.
Bureau of Indian Standards. 2004. IS 1727: methods of test for pozzolanic materials. India: Bureau of Indian Standards.
Bureau of Indian Standards. 2005a. IS 4031–3: Methods of physical tests for hydraulic cement Determination of soundness. New Delhi: Bureau of Indian Standards.
Bureau of Indian Standards. 2005b. IS 4031–4: Methods of physical tests for hydraulic cement. Determination of consistency of standard cement paste. New Delhi: Bureau of Indian Standards.
Bureau of Indian Standards. 2005c. IS 4031–5: Methods of physical tests for hydraulic cement. Determination of initial and final setting times. New Delhi: Bureau of Indian Standards.
Bureau of Indian Standards. 2016. IS 383: coarse and fine aggregate for concrete specification. New Delhi: Bureau of Indian Standards.
Castaldelli, V.N., M.M. Tashima, J.L. Melges, and J.L. Akasaki. 2014. Preliminary studies on the use of sugar cane bagasse ash ( SCBA ) in the manufacture of alkali activated binders. Key Engineering Materials 600: 689–698. https://doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/KEM.600.689.
Cetin, E., B. Moghtaderi, R. Gupta, and T.F. Wall. 2004. Influence of pyrolysis conditions on the structure and gasification reactivity of biomass chars. Fuel 83: 2139–2150. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fuel.2004.05.008.
Chang, J.J. 2003. A study on the setting characteristics of sodium silicate-activated slag pastes. Cement and Concrete Research 33: 1005–1011. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0008-8846(02)01096-7.
Chang, Z., X. Song, R. Munn, and M. Marosszeky. 2005. Using limestone aggregates and different cements for enhancing resistance of concrete to sulphuric acid attack. Cement and Concrete Research 35: 1486–1494. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cemconres.2005.03.006.
Chopperla, S.T., V. Yamuna, A. Bahurudeen, M. Santhanam, and G. Athira. 2018. Durability of concrete with agro-waste: A local approach to sustainability. Green Materials 7: 84–96. https://doi.org/10.1680/jgrma.18.00005.
Cordeiro, G.C., R.D. Toledo Filho, L.M. Tavares, and E.M.R. Fairbairn. 2009. Ultrafine grinding of sugar cane bagasse ash for application as pozzolanic admixture in concrete. Cement and Concrete Research 39: 110–115. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cemconres.2008.11.005.
Cordeiro, G.C., P.V. Andre, and L. Marcelo. 2019. Pozzolanic properties of ultra fine sugar cane bagasse ash produced by controlled burning. Heliyon. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2019.e02566.
Corinaldesi, V., G. Moriconi, and T.R. Naik. 2010. Characterization of marble powder for its use in mortar and concrete. Construction and Building Materials 24: 113–117. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2009.08.013.
Davidovits, J. 1989. Geopolymers and geopolymeric materials. Journal of Thermal Analysis 35: 429–441. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01904446.
Deepika, S., G. Anand, A. Bahurudeen, and M. Santhanam. 2017. Construction products with sugarcane bagasse ash binder. Journal of Materials in Civil Engineering 29: 04017189. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)MT.1943-5533.0001999.
Duxson, P., S.W. Mallicoat, G.C. Lukey, W.M. Kriven, and J.S.J. van Deventer. 2007. The effect of alkali and Si/Al ratio on the development of mechanical properties of metakaolin-based geopolymers. Colloids and Surfaces A Physicochemical and Engineering Aspects 292: 8–20. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.colsurfa.2006.05.044.
Escalante, G.J.I., and O. Burciaga. 2012. Strength and durability in acid media of alkali silicate-activated metakaolin geopolymers. Journal of the American Ceramic Society 7: 1–7. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1551-2916.2012.05249.x.
Escalante-Garcia, J.I., L.J. Espinoza-Perez, A. Gorokhovsky, and L.Y. Gomez-Zamorano. 2009. Coarse blast furnace slag as a cementitious material, comparative study as a partial replacement of Portland cement and as an alkali activated cement. Construction and Building Materials 23: 2511–2517. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2009.02.002.
Fahim, G., A. Rahman, M. Sam, J. Mirza, M. Tahir, M. Ali, M. Ismail, and K. Wei. 2018. Waste ceramic powder incorporated alkali activated mortars exposed to elevated Temperatures : Performance evaluation. Construction and Building Materials 187: 307–317. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2018.07.226.
Gameiro, F., J. de Brito, and D.C. da Silva. 2014. Durability performance of structural concrete containing fine aggregates from waste generated by marble quarrying industry. Engineering Structures 59: 654–662. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engstruct.2013.11.026.
Gencel, O., C. Ozel, F. Koksal, E. Erdogmus, G. Martínez-Barrera, and W. Brostow. 2012. Properties of concrete paving blocks made with waste marble. Journal of Cleaner Production 21: 62–70. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2011.08.023.
Gopinath, A., A. Bahurudeen, S. Appari, and P. Nanthagopalan. 2018. A circular framework for the valorisation of sugar industry wastes: Review on the industrial symbiosis between sugar, construction and energy industries. Journal of Cleaner Production 203: 89–108. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2018.08.252.
Hebhoub, H., H. Aoun, M. Belachia, H. Houari, and E. Ghorbel. 2011. Use of waste marble aggregates in concrete. Construction and Building Materials 25 (3): 1167–1171. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2010.09.037.
Huseien, G.F., J. Mirza, M. Ismail, S.K. Ghoshal, and M.A. Mohd Ariffin. 2018a. Effect of metakaolin replaced granulated blast furnace slag on fresh and early strength properties of geopolymer mortar. Ain Shams Engineering Journal 9: 1557–1566. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.asej.2016.11.011.
Huseien, G.F., M. Ismail, M. Tahir, J. Mirza, A. Hussein, N.H. Khalid, and N.N. Sarbini. 2018b. Effect of binder to fine aggregate content on performance of sustainable alkali activated mortars incorporating solid waste materials. Chemical Engineering Transactions 63: 667–672. https://doi.org/10.3303/CET1863112.
Murugesan, T. 2020. Sugarcane bagasse ash-blended concrete for effective resource utilization between sugar and construction industries. Sugar Tech. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12355-020-00794-2.
Rashad, A.M. 2013. A comprehensive overview about the influence of different additives on the properties of alkali-activated slag: A guide for civil engineer. Construction and Building Materials 47: 29–55. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2013.04.011.
Singh, N.B., V.D. Singh, and S. Rai. 2000. Hydration of bagasse ash-blended portland cement. Cement and Concrete Research 30: 1485–1488. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0008-8846(00)00324-0.
Singh, B., G. Ishwarya, M. Gupta, and S.K. Bhattacharyya. 2015. Geopolymer concrete : A review of some recent developments. Construction and Building Materials 85: 78–90. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2015.03.036.
Singh, M., A. Srivastava, and D. Bhunia. 2017. An investigation on effect of partial replacement of cement by waste marble slurry. Construction and Building Materials. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2016.12.155.
Somna, R., C. Jaturapitakkul, P. Rattanachu, and W. Chalee. 2012. Effect of ground bagasse ash on mechanical and durability properties of recycled aggregate concrete. Materials and Design 36: 597–603. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matdes.2011.11.065.
STAI. 2015. List of sugarcane factories (India, Bangladesh, Nepal, Pakistan & Sri Lanka) and refineries and distilleries. Sugar Technologists Association of India. New Delhi, India. https://staionline.org/.
Sun, J., X. Sun, R. Sun, P. Fowler, and M.S. Baird. 2003. Inhomogeneities in the chemical structure of sugarcane bagasse lignin. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry 51: 6719–6725. https://doi.org/10.1021/jf034633j.
Talling, B., and J.Brandstetr.1989. Effect of curing conditions on alkali-activated slags, ACI SP-114: Fly ash, silica fume, slag, and natural pozzolans in Concrete. Proc., 3rd Int. Conf., Vol. 2,1485–1500. Trondheim, Norway.
Yusuf, M.O., M.A.M. Johari, Z.A. Ahmad, and M. Maslehuddin. 2014. Evolution of alkaline activated ground blast furnace slag-ultrafine palm oil fuel ash based concrete. Materials and Design 55: 387–393. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matdes.2013.09.047.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Ethics declarations
Conflict of Interest
The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.
Human and Animals Rights
Authors declare no research involving human participants and/or animals was conducted.
Additional information
Publisher's Note
Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Murugesan, T., Vidjeapriya, R. & Bahurudeen, A. Development of Sustainable Alkali Activated Binder for Construction Using Sugarcane Bagasse Ash and Marble Waste. Sugar Tech 22, 885–895 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12355-020-00825-y
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12355-020-00825-y